Enzyme families | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

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Enzymes

Families that contain targets of relevance to immunopharmacology are highlighted in blue

Enzymes C
- AAA ATPases C
- Acetylcholine turnover C
- Acyl-CoA synthetases
- Adenosine turnover C
- ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) C
  - Mono-ADP-ribosylating PARPs C
  - Poly ADP-ribosylating PARPs C
- Amino acid hydroxylases C
- L-Arginine turnover C
  - 2.1.1.- Protein arginine N-methyltransferases C
  - Arginase C
  - Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase C
  - Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases C
  - Nitric oxide synthases C
- Carbonic anhydrases C
- Carboxylases and decarboxylases C
  - Carboxylases C
  - Decarboxylases C
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferases
- Catecholamine turnover C
- Ceramide turnover C
  - Serine palmitoyltransferase C
  - 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase
  - Ceramide synthase C
  - Sphingolipid Δ⁴-desaturase C
  - Sphingomyelin synthase C
  - Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase C
  - Neutral sphingomyelinase coupling factors C
  - Ceramide glucosyltransferase C
  - Acid ceramidase C
  - Neutral ceramidases C
  - Alkaline ceramidases C
  - Ceramide kinase C
- Chitinases
- Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway
- Chromatin modifying enzymes C
  - 1.14.11.- Histone demethylases
  - 2.1.1.- Protein arginine N-methyltransferases C
  - 2.1.1.43 Histone methyltransferases (HMTs)
  - 2.3.1.48 Histone acetyltransferases (HATs)
  - 3.5.1.- Histone deacetylases (HDACs) C
  - 3.6.1.3 ATPases
  - Enzymatic bromodomain-containing proteins C
- Citrate metabolism
- Cyclic nucleotide turnover/signalling C
  - Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) C
  - Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
  - Exchange proteins activated by cyclic AMP (EPACs) C
  - Phosphodiesterases, 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide (PDEs) C
- Cytochrome P450 C
  - CYP1 family C
  - CYP2 family: drug metabolising subset C
  - CYP2 family: physiological enzymes subset C
  - CYP3 family C
  - CYP4 family C
  - CYP5, CYP7 and CYP8 families C
  - CYP11, CYP17, CYP19, CYP20 and CYP21 families C
  - CYP24, CYP26 and CYP27 families C
  - CYP39, CYP46 and CYP51 families C
- DNA glycosylases
- DNA polymerases
- DNA topoisomerases C
- E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes
- E3 ubiquitin ligase components C
- Endocannabinoid turnover C
  - N-Acylethanolamine turnover C
  - 2-Acylglycerol ester turnover C
- Eicosanoid turnover C
  - Cyclooxygenase C
  - Prostaglandin synthases C
  - Lipoxygenases C
  - Leukotriene and lipoxin metabolism C
- G-alpha family G(q) subfamily
- GABA turnover C
- Glycerophospholipid turnover C
  - Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C C
  - Phospholipase A₂ C
  - Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D C
  - Lipid phosphate phosphatases C
  - Phosphatidylinositol kinases C
  - Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases C
- Glycine recycling
- Haem oxygenase C
- Hydrogen sulphide synthesis C
- Hydrolases & Lipases C
- Inositol phosphate turnover C
  - Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinases C
  - Inositol polyphosphate phosphatases C
  - Inositol monophosphatase C
- Itaconate biosynthesis
- Kinases (EC 2.7.x.x) C
  - AGC: Containing PKA, PKG, PKC families C
    - DMPK family C
    - G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs)
    - MAST family
    - NDR family
    - PDK1 family
    - Protein kinase A (PKA) family
    - Akt (Protein kinase B, PKB) family
    - Protein kinase C (PKC) family C
      - Alpha subfamily C
      - Delta subfamily C
      - Eta subfamily C
      - Iota subfamily C
    - Protein kinase G (PKG) family
    - Protein kinase N (PKN) family
    - RSK family
    - RSKL family
    - SGK family
    - YANK family
  - Atypical C
    - ABC1 family
      - ABC1-A subfamily
      - ABC1-B subfamily
    - Alpha kinase family
    - BCR family
    - Bromodomain kinase (BRDK) family
    - G11 family
    - Phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase-related kinases (PIKK) family C
    - RIO family
    - PDHK family
    - Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) family
    - TAF1 family
    - TIF1 family
  - CAMK: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases C
    - CAMK1 family
    - CAMK2 family
    - CAMK-like (CAMKL) family
    - CAMK-unique family
    - CASK family
    - DCAMKL family
    - Death-associated kinase (DAPK) family
    - MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPKAPK) family
      - MAPKAPK subfamily
      - MKN subfamily
    - Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) family
    - Phosphorylase kinase (PHK) family
    - PIM family
    - Protein kinase D (PKD) family
    - PSK family
    - RAD53 family
    - Testis specific kinase (TSSK) family
    - Trbl family
    - Trio family
  - CK1: Casein kinase 1
  - CMGC: Containing CDK, MAPK, GSK3, CLK families C
    - CLK family
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family C
    - Cyclin-dependent kinase-like (CDKL) family
    - Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase (DYRK) family
    - Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) family C
      - GSK subfamily C
    - Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases)
    - RCK family
    - SRPK family
  - Lipid modifying kinases
  - Other protein kinases C
  - Miscellaneous protein kinases
    - actin-binding proteins ADF family
      - Twinfilin subfamily
    - SCY1 family
    - Hexokinases
  - STE: Homologs of yeast Sterile 7, Sterile 11, Sterile 20 kinases C
  - TK: Tyrosine kinase C
    - Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) C
    - Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTKs) C
  - TKL: Tyrosine kinase-like C
    - Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family
    - Leucine-rich repeat kinase (LRRK) family
    - LIM domain kinase (LISK) family
      - LIMK subfamily
      - TESK subfamily
    - Mixed Lineage Kinase (MLK) family
    - RAF family C
    - Receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) family
    - Receptor serine/threonine kinase (RSTK) family C
    - TKL-unique family
  - Diacylglycerol kinases
  - Pyruvate kinases (EC 2.7.1.40)
  - Sugar kinases
- Lanosterol biosynthesis pathway C
- LPA synthesis
- Membrane bound O-acyltransferases
- Methionine turnover
- Mitofusin proteins
- NADPH oxidases
- Nucleoside synthesis and metabolism C
- Nucleotide salvage
  - Pyrimidine salvage
- Nucleotide turnover
- Paraoxonase (PON) family C
- Peptidases and proteinases C
  - Blood coagulation components C
  - AA: Aspartic (A) Peptidases C
    - A1: Pepsin C
  - AD: Aspartic (A) Peptidases C
    - A22: Presenilin C
  - CA: Cysteine (C) Peptidases C
    - C1: Papain
    - C2: Calpain
    - C12: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase
    - C19: Ubiquitin-specific protease
    - C54: Aut2 peptidase
    - C65: Otubains
    - C101: OTULIN peptidase C
  - CD: Cysteine (C) Peptidases C
    - C13: Legumain
    - C14: Caspase C
  - CE: Cysteine (C) Peptidases
    - C48: Ulp1 endopeptidase
  - M-: Metallo (M) Peptidases
    - M79: Prenyl protease 2
  - MA: Metallo (M) Peptidases C
    - M1: Aminopeptidase N C
    - M2: Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) C
    - M10: Matrix metallopeptidase C
    - M12: Astacin/Adamalysin C
    - M13: Neprilysin
    - M49: Dipeptidyl-peptidase III
  - MC: Metallo (M) Peptidases
    - M14: Carboxypeptidase A
  - ME: Metallo (M) Peptidases
    - M16: Pitrilysin
  - MF: Metallo (M) Peptidases
    - M17: Leucyl aminopeptidase
  - MG: Metallo (M) Peptidases C
    - M24: Methionyl aminopeptidase
  - MH: Metallo (M) Peptidases C
    - M18: Aminopeptidase I
    - M20: Carnosine dipeptidase
    - M28: Aminopeptidase Y C
  - MJ: Metallo (M) Peptidases C
    - M19: Membrane dipeptidase C
  - MP: Metallo (M) Peptidases
    - M67: PSMD14 peptidase
  - PA: Serine (S) Peptidases C
    - S1: Chymotrypsin C
  - PB: Threonine (T) Peptidases C
    - C44: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase
    - T1: Proteasome C
    - T2: Glycosylasparaginase precursor
  - PC: Cysteine (C) Peptidases
    - C26: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase
  - SB: Serine (S) Peptidases C
    - S8: Subtilisin C
  - SC: Serine (S) Peptidases C
    - S9: Prolyl oligopeptidase C
    - S10: Carboxypeptidase Y
    - S28: Lysosomal Pro-Xaa carboxypeptidase
    - S33: Prolyl aminopeptidase
- Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases C
- Phosphatases
  - Class I classical (Cys-based) phosphatases
    - Dual specificity phosphatases
    - Protein tyrosine phosphatases non-receptor type (PTPN)
  - Metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family
  - Sugar phosphatases
  - Protein phosphatase catalytic subunits
- Phosphodiesterases (other)
- Phospholipid scramblases (PLSCR)
- Prolyl hydroxylases C
- Selenoenzymes
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate turnover C
  - Sphingosine kinase C
  - Sphingosine 1-phosphate phosphatase C
  - Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase C
- Thioredoxin (Trx) system proteins
- Thyroid hormone turnover C
- UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)
- 1.-.-.- Oxidoreductases
- 1.1.1.42 Isocitrate dehydrogenases
- 1.2.3.1 Aldehyde oxidase
- 1.4.3.13 Lysyl oxidases
- 1.13.11.- Dioxygenases
- 1.14.13.9 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase C
- 1.17.4.1 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductases
- 2.1.1.- Methyltransferases
- 2.1.2.- Hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases
- 2.3.1.- Acyltransferases
- 2.3.2.- Aminoacyltransferases
  - 2.3.2.13 Transglutaminases
  - 2.3.2.27 RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase
- 2.4.2.1 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase
- 2.5.1.18 Glutathione transferases
- 2.5.1.58 Protein farnesyltransferase C
- 2.6.1.42 Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase
- 3.1.-.- Ester bond enzymes
- 3.1.1.- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
- 3.2.1.- Glycosidases
- 3.4.21.46 Complement factor D
- 3.5.1.- Histone deacetylases (HDACs) C
- 3.5.1.2 Glutaminases
- 3.5.3.15 Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADI) C
- 3.6.4.12 RecQ helicases family
- 3.6.5.2 Small monomeric GTPases C
  - RAS subfamily C
  - RAB subfamily C
- 5.-.-.- Isomerases
- 6.3.3.- Cyclo-ligases

The Kinome image shown here was obtained from Chartier et al. (2013, <a href='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740139/figure/fig-4/' target='_blank'>Figure 4</a>) <a href='https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940838' target='_blank'>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940838</a> and has been annotated to show the kinases that are targeted by currently approved kinase inhibitor drugs (last updated in April 2018).