Alpha subfamily | Enzymes | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

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Alpha subfamily C

Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).

Overview

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These two classical PKC isoforms are Ser/Thr kinases. They are activated by Ca²⁺ and diacylglycerol, and may be inhibited by GF109203X, calphostin C, Gö 6983, chelerythrine and Ro31-8220.

Enzymes

Targets of relevance to immunopharmacology are highlighted in blue

PKCβ (protein kinase C beta) C Show summary »« Hide summary More detailed page go icon to follow link

PKCγ (protein kinase C gamma) C Show summary »« Hide summary More detailed page go icon to follow link

References

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1. Chalfant CE, Ohno S, Konno Y, Fisher AA, Bisnauth LD, Watson JE, Cooper DR. (1996) A carboxy-terminal deletion mutant of protein kinase C beta II inhibits insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. Mol Endocrinol, 10 (10): 1273-81. [PMID:9121494]

2. Faul MM, Gillig JR, Jirousek MR, Ballas LM, Schotten T, Kahl A, Mohr M. (2003) Acyclic N-(azacycloalkyl)bisindolylmaleimides: isozyme selective inhibitors of PKCbeta. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 13 (11): 1857-9. [PMID:12749884]

3. Gschwendt M, Dieterich S, Rennecke J, Kittstein W, Mueller HJ, Johannes FJ. (1996) Inhibition of protein kinase C mu by various inhibitors. Differentiation from protein kinase c isoenzymes. FEBS Lett, 392 (2): 77-80. [PMID:8772178]

4. Jirousek MR, Gillig JR, Gonzalez CM, Heath WF, McDonald JH, Neel DA, Rito CJ, Singh U, Stramm LE, Melikian-Badalian A et al.. (1996) (S)-13-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro-4,9:16, 21-dimetheno-1H, 13H-dibenzo[e,k]pyrrolo[3,4-h][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecene-1,3(2H)-d ione (LY333531) and related analogues: isozyme selective inhibitors of protein kinase C beta. J Med Chem, 39 (14): 2664-71. [PMID:8709095]

5. Seynaeve CM, Kazanietz MG, Blumberg PM, Sausville EA, Worland PJ. (1994) Differential inhibition of protein kinase C isozymes by UCN-01, a staurosporine analogue. Mol Pharmacol, 45 (6): 1207-14. [PMID:8022414]

6. Toullec D, Pianetti P, Coste H, Bellevergue P, Grand-Perret T, Ajakane M, Baudet V, Boissin P, Boursier E, Loriolle F et al.. (1991) The bisindolylmaleimide GF 109203X is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C. J Biol Chem, 266 (24): 15771-81. [PMID:1874734]

7. Wagner J, von Matt P, Sedrani R, Albert R, Cooke N, Ehrhardt C, Geiser M, Rummel G, Stark W, Strauss A et al.. (2009) Discovery of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-[2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-yl]pyrrole-2,5-dione (AEB071), a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C isotypes. J Med Chem, 52 (20): 6193-6. [PMID:19827831]

How to cite this family page

Database page citation:

Alpha subfamily. Accessed on 17/04/2026. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=532.

Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:

Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Gibb AJ, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peach CJ, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Southan C, Davies JA et al. (2025) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2025/26: Enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 182: S307-S403.