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Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
Cyclic AMP-mediated signalling involves regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, members of the Rap guanine nucleotide exchange family (Epac, ENSFM00250000000899) and activation of protein kinase A (PKA, also known as cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase). PKA is a heterotetrameric enzyme composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits, which can be distinguished from Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP, [2]) by differential activation by N6 benzyl-cAMP (see Table) and 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, respectively [3].
protein kinase A
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PKAR1A (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha subunit)
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PRKAR1B (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, beta subunit)
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PRKAR2A (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha subunit)
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PKAR2B (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, beta subunit)
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PKACa (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha subunit)
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PKACb (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta subunit)
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PKACg (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, gamma subunit)
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PRKX (protein kinase X-linked)
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PRKY (protein kinase Y-linked (pseudogene))
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Database page citation:
Protein kinase A (PKA) family. Accessed on 21/06/2025. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=284.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S289-373.
Other members of the PKA family are PRKX (X-linked protein kinase, PKX1, P51817) and PRKY (Y-linked protein kinase, PRKY, O43930). PRKX and PRKY are expressed on X and Y chromosomes, respectively, and appear to interchange in some XX males and XY females [4].