The PPM proteins (also known as the PPC2 phosphatases) are metal-dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatases. Twenty PPM isoforms have been identified in mammals ( PPM1A, PPM1B, PPM1D, PPM1E, PPM1F, PPM1G, PPM1H, PPM1J, PPM1K, PPM1L, PPM1M, PPM1N, ILKAP, PDP1, PDP2, PHLPP1, PHLPP2, PP2D1, PPTC7, and TAB1) [2]. They are known to be involved in the negative regulation of cell stress responses.

* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk

* Kamada R, Kudo F, Ito S, Jamairo JIB, Omichinski JG, Sakaguchi K. (2020) Metal-dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PPM family: Evolution, structures, diseases and inhibitors. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, In press. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107622

1. Gilmartin AG, Faitg TH, Richter M, Groy A, Seefeld MA, Darcy MG, Peng X, Federowicz K, Yang J, Zhang SY et al.. (2014) Allosteric Wip1 phosphatase inhibition through flap-subdomain interaction. Nat Chem Biol, 10 (3): 181-7. [PMID:24390428]

2. Kamada R, Kudo F, Ito S, Jamairo JIB, Omichinski JG, Sakaguchi K. (2020) Metal-dependent Ser/Thr protein phosphatase PPM family: Evolution, structures, diseases and inhibitors. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, In press. DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107622

3. Ogasawara S, Kiyota Y, Chuman Y, Kowata A, Yoshimura F, Tanino K, Kamada R, Sakaguchi K. (2015) Novel inhibitors targeting PPM1D phosphatase potently suppress cancer cell proliferation. Bioorg Med Chem, 23 (19): 6246-9. [PMID:26358280]