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G protein-coupled receptors
Download the list of all GPCR targets in CSV format 
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT1A receptor |
HTR1A |
Htr1a |
Htr1a |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-HT-moduline
5-hydroxytryptamine tryptamine |
5-HT1B receptor |
HTR1B |
Htr1b |
Htr1b |
Endogenous ligand tryptamine is a weak agonist |
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-HT-moduline
5-hydroxytryptamine |
5-HT1D receptor |
HTR1D |
Htr1d |
Htr1d |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
tryptamine |
5-ht1e receptor |
HTR1E |
Endogenous ligand tryptamine is a weak agonist | ||
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT1F receptor |
HTR1F |
Htr1f |
Htr1f |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
tryptamine |
5-HT2A receptor |
HTR2A |
Htr2a |
Htr2a |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT2B receptor |
HTR2B |
Htr2b |
Htr2b |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT2C receptor |
HTR2C |
Htr2c |
Htr2c |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT4 receptor |
HTR4 |
Htr4 |
Htr4 |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT5A receptor |
HTR5A |
Htr5a |
Htr5a |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-ht5b receptor |
HTR5BP |
Htr5b |
Htr5b |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT6 receptor |
HTR6 |
Htr6 |
Htr6 |
|
| 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors |
5-hydroxytryptamine
|
5-HT7 receptor |
HTR7 |
Htr7 |
Htr7 |
|
| Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) | M1 receptor |
CHRM1 |
Chrm1 |
Chrm1 |
||
| Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) | M2 receptor |
CHRM2 |
Chrm2 |
Chrm2 |
||
| Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) | M3 receptor |
CHRM3 |
Chrm3 |
Chrm3 |
||
| Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) | M4 receptor |
CHRM4 |
Chrm4 |
Chrm4 |
||
| Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) | M5 receptor |
CHRM5 |
Chrm5 |
Chrm5 |
||
| Adenosine receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Adenosine receptors |
adenosine
|
A1 receptor |
ADORA1 |
Adora1 |
Adora1 |
|
| Adenosine receptors |
adenosine
|
A2A receptor |
ADORA2A |
Adora2a |
Adora2a |
|
| Adenosine receptors |
adenosine
|
A2B receptor |
ADORA2B |
Adora2b |
Adora2b |
|
| Adenosine receptors |
adenosine
|
A3 receptor |
ADORA3 |
Adora3 |
Adora3 |
|
| Adrenoceptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline |
α1A-adrenoceptor |
ADRA1A |
Adra1a |
Adra1a |
|
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline |
α1B-adrenoceptor |
ADRA1B |
Adra1b |
Adra1b |
|
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline |
α1D-adrenoceptor |
ADRA1D |
Adra1d |
Adra1d |
|
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline |
α2A-adrenoceptor |
ADRA2A |
Adra2a |
Adra2a |
Adrenaline exhibits similar potency, affinity and efficacy to noradrenaline. |
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline |
α2B-adrenoceptor |
ADRA2B |
Adra2b |
Adra2b |
Adrenaline exhibits similar potency, affinity and efficacy to noradrenaline. |
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline |
α2C-adrenoceptor |
ADRA2C |
Adra2c |
Adra2c |
Adrenaline exhibits similar potency, affinity and efficacy to noradrenaline. |
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
noradrenaline (-)-noradrenaline |
β1-adrenoceptor |
ADRB1 |
Adrb1 |
Adrb1 |
Noradrenaline exhibits greater potency than adrenaline |
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline Zn2+ |
β2-adrenoceptor |
ADRB2 |
Adrb2 |
Adrb2 |
Adrenaline exhibits greater potency than noradrenaline |
| Adrenoceptors |
(-)-adrenaline
(-)-noradrenaline |
β3-adrenoceptor |
ADRB3 |
Adrb3 |
Adrb3 |
|
| Angiotensin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Angiotensin receptors |
angiotensin A
{Sp: Human}
angiotensin II {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} angiotensin III {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} angiotensin IV {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
AT1 receptor |
AGTR1 |
Agtr1a Agtr1b |
Agtr1a Agtr1b |
|
| Angiotensin receptors |
angiotensin-(1-7)
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
angiotensin II {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} angiotensin III {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
AT2 receptor |
AGTR2 |
Agtr2 |
Agtr2 |
|
| Apelin receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Apelin receptor |
apelin-36
{Sp: Human}
apelin-13 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} apelin-17 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} apelin-36 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} apelin receptor early endogenous ligand {Sp: Human} , apelin receptor early endogenous ligand {Sp: Mouse} Elabela/Toddler-32 {Sp: Human} Elabela/Toddler-21 {Sp: Human} Elabela/Toddler-11 {Sp: Human} [Pyr1]apelin-13 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
apelin receptor |
APLNR |
Aplnr |
Aplnr |
|
| Bile acid receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Bile acid receptor |
chenodeoxycholic acid
cholic acid deoxycholic acid lithocholic acid |
GPBA receptor |
GPBAR1 |
Gpbar1 |
Gpbar1 |
|
| Bombesin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Bombesin receptors |
gastrin-releasing peptide
{Sp: Human}
,
gastrin-releasing peptide
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
,
gastrin-releasing peptide
{Sp: Pig}
gastrin releasing peptide(14-27) (human) GRP-(18-27) {Sp: Human, Pig} , GRP-(18-27) {Sp: Mouse, Rat} neuromedin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig} |
BB1 receptor |
NMBR |
Nmbr |
Nmbr |
Neuromedin B is the endogenous agonist with the greatest potency |
| Bombesin receptors |
gastrin releasing peptide(14-27) (human)
GRP-(18-27) {Sp: Human, Pig} , GRP-(18-27) {Sp: Mouse, Rat} neuromedin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig} neuromedin C |
BB2 receptor |
GRPR |
Grpr |
Grpr |
Gastrin-releasing peptide is the endogenous agonist with the greatest potency |
| Bombesin receptors | BB3 receptor |
BRS3 |
Brs3 |
Brs3 |
||
| Bradykinin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Bradykinin receptors |
bradykinin
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
[des-Arg9]bradykinin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} [des-Arg10]kallidin {Sp: Human} [Hyp3]bradykinin {Sp: Human} kallidin {Sp: Human} Lys-[Hyp3]-bradykinin {Sp: Human} T-kinin {Sp: Human, Rat} |
B1 receptor |
BDKRB1 |
Bdkrb1 |
Bdkrb1 |
[Des-Arg10]kallidin is the most potent endogenous ligand in human |
| Bradykinin receptors |
bradykinin
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
[des-Arg9]bradykinin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} [des-Arg10]kallidin {Sp: Human} [Hyp3]bradykinin {Sp: Human} kallidin {Sp: Human} Lys-[Hyp3]-bradykinin {Sp: Human} T-kinin {Sp: Human, Rat} |
B2 receptor |
BDKRB2 |
Bdkrb2 |
Bdkrb2 |
Bradykinin and kallidin are the most potent endogenous ligands |
| Cannabinoid receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Cannabinoid receptors |
anandamide
2-arachidonoylglycerol |
CB1 receptor |
CNR1 |
Cnr1 |
Cnr1 |
Endogenous ligands include other endocannabinoids |
| Cannabinoid receptors |
anandamide
2-arachidonoylglycerol |
CB2 receptor |
CNR2 |
Cnr2 |
Cnr2 |
Endogenous ligands include other endocannabinoids |
| Chemerin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Chemerin receptors |
chemerin
{Sp: Human}
resolvin E1 |
chemerin receptor 1 |
CMKLR1 |
Cmklr1 |
Cmklr1 |
|
| Chemerin receptors |
chemerin
{Sp: Human}
|
chemerin receptor 2 |
CMKLR2 |
Cmklr2 |
Cmklr2 |
|
| Chemokine receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL14
{Sp: Human}
CCL15 {Sp: Human} CCL23 {Sp: Human} CCL3 {Sp: Human} CCL5 {Sp: Human} CCL7 {Sp: Human} CCL13 {Sp: Human} CCL8 {Sp: Human} CCL16 {Sp: Human} CCL4 {Sp: Human} CCL3 {Sp: Mouse} CCL7 {Sp: Mouse} CCL8 {Sp: Mouse} CCL4 {Sp: Mouse} CCL5 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} CCL3 {Sp: Rat} CCL7 {Sp: Rat} CCL4 {Sp: Rat} |
CCR1 |
CCR1 |
Ccr1 |
Ccr1 |
CCL15 and CCL23 are the principal endogenous agonists |
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL24
{Sp: Human}
CCL7 {Sp: Human} CCL13 {Sp: Human} CCL2 {Sp: Human} CCL8 {Sp: Human} CCL16 {Sp: Human} CCL11 {Sp: Human} CCL26 {Sp: Human} CCL2 {Sp: Mouse} CCL7 {Sp: Mouse} CCL8 {Sp: Mouse} CCL11 {Sp: Mouse} CCL2 {Sp: Rat} CCL7 {Sp: Rat} CCL11 {Sp: Rat} |
CCR2 |
CCR2 |
Ccr2 |
Ccr2 |
CCL2 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL15
{Sp: Human}
CCL5 {Sp: Human} CCL7 {Sp: Human} CCL11 {Sp: Human} CCL13 {Sp: Human} CCL8 {Sp: Human} CCL24 {Sp: Human} CCL26 {Sp: Human} CCL2 {Sp: Human} CCL28 {Sp: Human} CCL11 {Sp: Mouse} CCL7 {Sp: Mouse} CCL8 {Sp: Mouse} CCL24 {Sp: Mouse} CCL2 {Sp: Mouse} CCL28 {Sp: Mouse} CCL5 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} CCL7 {Sp: Rat} CCL11 {Sp: Rat} CCL2 {Sp: Rat} CXCL9 {Sp: Human} CXCL10 {Sp: Human} CXCL11 {Sp: Human} CXCL9 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL10 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL11 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL10 {Sp: Rat} |
CCR3 |
CCR3 |
Ccr3 |
Ccr3 |
CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26 are the principal endogenous agonists |
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL17
{Sp: Human}
CCL22 {Sp: Human} , CCL22 {Sp: Mouse} |
CCR4 |
CCR4 |
Ccr4 |
Ccr4 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL13
{Sp: Human}
CCL14 {Sp: Human} CCL3 {Sp: Human} CCL4 {Sp: Human} CCL5 {Sp: Human} CCL11 {Sp: Human} CCL8 {Sp: Human} CCL16 {Sp: Human} CCL2 {Sp: Human} CCL7 {Sp: Human} CCL11 {Sp: Mouse} CCL3 {Sp: Mouse} CCL4 {Sp: Mouse} CCL8 {Sp: Mouse} CCL2 {Sp: Mouse} CCL7 {Sp: Mouse} CCL5 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} CCL3 {Sp: Rat} CCL4 {Sp: Rat} CCL11 {Sp: Rat} CCL2 {Sp: Rat} CCL7 {Sp: Rat} |
CCR5 |
CCR5 |
Ccr5 |
Ccr5 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
beta-defensin 4A
{Sp: Human}
CCL20 {Sp: Human} , CCL20 {Sp: Mouse} , CCL20 {Sp: Rat} de |
CCR6 |
CCR6 |
Ccr6 |
Ccr6 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL19
{Sp: Human}
CCL21 {Sp: Human} CCL19 {Sp: Mouse} Ccl21a {Sp: Mouse} Ccl21b {Sp: Mouse} |
CCR7 |
CCR7 |
Ccr7 |
Ccr7 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL1
{Sp: Human}
,
CCL1
{Sp: Mouse}
CCL8 {Sp: Mouse} |
CCR8 |
CCR8 |
Ccr8 |
Ccr8 |
CCL1 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL25
{Sp: Human}
,
CCL25
{Sp: Mouse}
|
CCR9 |
CCR9 |
Ccr9 |
Ccr9 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL27
{Sp: Human}
CCL28 {Sp: Human} CCL27 {Sp: Mouse} CCL28 {Sp: Mouse} |
CCR10 |
CCR10 |
Ccr10 |
Ccr10 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CXCL6
{Sp: Human}
CXCL8 {Sp: Human} cytokine domain of tyrosyl tRNA synthetase {Sp: Human} |
CXCR1 |
CXCR1 |
Cxcr1 |
Cxcr1 |
CXCL8 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Chemokine receptors |
CXCL1
{Sp: Human}
CXCL6 {Sp: Human} CXCL8 {Sp: Human} CXCL2 {Sp: Human} CXCL3 {Sp: Human} CXCL5 {Sp: Human} CXCL7 {Sp: Human} CXCL1 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL2 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL3 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL5 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL1 {Sp: Rat} CXCL2 {Sp: Rat} CXCL3 {Sp: Rat} CXCL5 {Sp: Rat} |
CXCR2 |
CXCR2 |
Cxcr2 |
Cxcr2 |
macrophage derived lectin is a proposed ligand, single publication |
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL5
{Sp: Human}
CCL7 {Sp: Human} CCL11 {Sp: Human} CCL13 {Sp: Human} CCL20 {Sp: Human} CCL19 {Sp: Human} CXCL12α {Sp: Human} CXCL10 {Sp: Human} CXCL11 {Sp: Human} CXCL9 {Sp: Human} , CXCL9 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL10 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL11 {Sp: Mouse} CXCL10 {Sp: Rat} |
CXCR3 |
CXCR3 |
Cxcr3 |
Cxcr3 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CXCL12γ
{Sp: Human}
CXCL12δ {Sp: Human} CXCL12ε {Sp: Human} CXCL12φ {Sp: Human} CXCL12β {Sp: Human} CXCL12α {Sp: Human} CXCL12 {Sp: Mouse} |
CXCR4 |
CXCR4 |
Cxcr4 |
Cxcr4 |
SDF1α and SDF1β are the active isomers of CXCL12 |
| Chemokine receptors |
CXCL13
{Sp: Human}
,
CXCL13
{Sp: Mouse}
|
CXCR5 |
CXCR5 |
Cxcr5 |
Cxcr5 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CXCL16
{Sp: Human}
,
CXCL16
{Sp: Mouse}
,
CXCL16
{Sp: Rat}
|
CXCR6 |
CXCR6 |
Cxcr6 |
Cxcr6 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
CX3CL1
{Sp: Human}
,
CX3CL1
{Sp: Mouse}
,
CX3CL1
{Sp: Rat}
|
CX3CR1 |
CX3CR1 |
Cx3cr1 |
Cx3cr1 |
|
| Chemokine receptors |
XCL1
{Sp: Human}
XCL2 {Sp: Human} XCL1 {Sp: Mouse} , XCL1 {Sp: Rat} |
XCR1 |
XCR1 |
Xcr1 |
Xcr1 |
Specificity for the endogenous peptide XCL1 at the chemokine-GPCR interface has been determined [...]. |
| Chemokine receptors | ACKR1 |
ACKR1 |
Ackr1 |
Ackr1 |
||
| Chemokine receptors | ACKR2 |
ACKR2 |
Ackr2 |
Ackr2 |
||
| Chemokine receptors |
adrenomedullin
{Sp: Rat}
CXCL11 {Sp: Human} CXCL12α {Sp: Human} |
ACKR3 |
ACKR3 |
Ackr3 |
Ackr3 |
Several lines of evidence have suggested that adrenomedullin is a ligand for ACKR3; however, classical direct binding to the receptor has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. |
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL19
{Sp: Human}
CCL21 {Sp: Human} CCL25 {Sp: Human} |
ACKR4 |
ACKR4 |
Ackr4 |
Ackr4 |
|
| Chemokine receptors | ACKR5 |
ACKR5 |
Gpr182 |
Gpr182 |
||
| Chemokine receptors |
CCL19
{Sp: Human}
,
CCL19
{Sp: Mouse}
|
CCRL2 |
CCRL2 |
Ccrl2 |
Ccrl2 |
|
| Cholecystokinin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Cholecystokinin receptors |
CCK-58
{Sp: Human}
CCK-39 {Sp: Human} CCK-4 {Sp: Human} CCK-33 {Sp: Human} CCK-8 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} CCK-33 {Sp: Mouse} , CCK-33 {Sp: Rat} gastrin-17 {Sp: Human} , gastrin-17 {Sp: Mouse} , gastrin-17 {Sp: Rat} |
CCK1 receptor |
CCKAR |
Cckar |
Cckar |
CCK-58 is an endogenous peptide fragment from the cholecystokinin precursor protein, but there is no affinity data available for this ligand at cholecystokinin receptors. For the rodent homologues of this peptide please see the following ligand entries: CCK-58 (mouse) and CCK-58 (rat). |
| Cholecystokinin receptors |
CCK-4
{Sp: Human}
CCK-33 {Sp: Human} CCK-8 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} CCK-33 {Sp: Mouse} , CCK-33 {Sp: Rat} desulfated cholecystokinin-8 desulfated gastrin-14 {Sp: Human} desulfated gastrin-17 {Sp: Human} desulfated gastrin-34 {Sp: Human} desulfated gastrin-71 {Sp: Human} gastrin-34 {Sp: Human} gastrin-71 {Sp: Human} gastrin-14 {Sp: Human} gastrin-17 {Sp: Human} , gastrin-17 {Sp: Mouse} , gastrin-17 {Sp: Rat} |
CCK2 receptor |
CCKBR |
Cckbr |
Cckbr |
CCK-58 is an endogenous peptide fragment from the cholecystokinin precursor protein, but there is no affinity data available for this ligand at cholecystokinin receptors. For the rodent homologues of this peptide please see the following ligand entries: CCK-58 (mouse) and CCK-58 (rat). Gastrin-34 is one of the main forms of secreted gastrin present in the blood but there is no activity data for its interactions with this receptor. For the rodent homologues of this peptide please see gastrin-34 (mouse) and gastrin-34 (rat). Desulfated gastrin-14 (minigastrin) is an endogenous antagonist of cholecystokinin and radiolabelled analogues of this peptide are used as probes for this receptor. The gastrin precursor peptide is also cleaved into larger peptides gastrin-52 and gastrin-71. |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
sphingosine 1-phosphate
|
GPR3 |
GPR3 |
Gpr3 |
Gpr3 |
Proposed ligand, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | Protons | GPR4 |
GPR4 |
Gpr4 |
Gpr4 |
The role of GPR4 as a proton-sensing receptor is supported by several publications. |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
sphingosine 1-phosphate
|
GPR6 |
GPR6 |
Gpr6 |
Gpr6 |
Proposed ligand, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
sphingosine 1-phosphate
|
GPR12 |
GPR12 |
Gpr12 |
Gpr12 |
Proposed ligand, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR15 |
GPR15 |
Gpr15 |
Gpr15 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR19 |
GPR19 |
Gpr19 |
Gpr19 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR25 |
GPR25 |
Gpr25 |
Gpr25 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
12S-HETE
|
GPR31 |
GPR31 |
Gpr31 |
Gpr31c |
Proposed ligand, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
LXA4
resolvin D1 |
GPR32 |
GPR32 |
Proposed ligand, single publication | ||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
lysophosphatidylserine
|
GPR34 |
GPR34 |
Gpr34 |
Gpr34 |
Proposed ligand in several publications but not replicated in a recent study based on β-arrestin recruitment [...]. |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
kynurenic acid
2-oleoyl-LPA |
GPR35 |
GPR35 |
Gpr35 |
Gpr35 |
Proposed ligands, single publications |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
prosaptide
{Sp: Human}
prosaposin |
GPR37 |
GPR37 |
Gpr37 |
Gpr37 |
Proposed ligand, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
prosaptide
{Sp: Human}
prosaposin |
GPR37L1 |
GPR37L1 |
Gpr37l1 |
Gpr37l1 |
Proposed ligand, single publication. |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
obestatin
{Sp: Human}
,
obestatin
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
Zn2+ |
GPR39 |
GPR39 |
Gpr39 |
Gpr39 |
Proposed ligands, single publications, but results for obestatin could not be repeated and have since been retracted |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR61 |
GPR61 |
Gpr61 |
Gpr61 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate
dioleoylphosphatidic acid sphingosine 1-phosphate |
GPR63 |
GPR63 |
Gpr63 |
Gpr63 |
Proposed ligand, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | Protons | GPR65 |
GPR65 |
Gpr65 |
Gpr65 |
|
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | Protons | GPR68 |
GPR68 |
Gpr68 |
Gpr68 |
|
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
CCL5
{Sp: Human}
|
GPR75 |
GPR75 |
Gpr75 |
Gpr75 |
CCL5 was reported to be an agonist of GPR75 by Ignatov et al. [...] but the pairing could not be repeated in a recent β-arrestin assay [...]. |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR83 |
GPR83 |
Gpr83 |
Gpr83 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
LPA
|
GPR87 |
GPR87 |
Gpr87 |
Gpr87 |
Proposed ligand, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR101 |
GPR101 |
Gpr101 |
Gpr101 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid
(lyso)phospholipid mediators, protons |
GPR132 |
GPR132 |
Gpr132 |
Gpr132 |
|
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
L-phenylalanine
L-tryptophan |
GPR139 |
GPR139 |
Gpr139 |
Gpr139 |
|
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR142 |
GPR142 |
Gpr142 |
Gpr142 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR146 |
GPR146 |
Gpr146 |
Gpr146 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR151 |
GPR151 |
Gpr151 |
Gpr151 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR160 |
GPR160 |
Gpr160 |
Gpr160 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR162 |
GPR162 |
Gpr162 |
Gpr162 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR171 |
GPR171 |
Gpr171 |
Gpr171 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | GPR173 |
GPR173 |
Gpr173 |
Gpr173 |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
lysophosphatidylserine
|
GPR174 |
GPR174 |
Gpr174 |
Gpr174 |
Proposed ligand, two publications |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
7α,27-dihydroxycholesterol
7β, 27-dihydroxycholesterol 7β, 25-dihydroxycholesterol 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol 27-hydroxycholesterol 25-hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxycholesterol 7β-hydroxycholesterol Oxysterols |
GPR183 |
GPR183 |
Gpr183 |
Gpr183 |
Proposed ligands, two independent publications |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | MAS1L |
MAS1L |
||||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
β-alanine
|
MRGPRD |
MRGPRD |
Mrgprd |
Mrgprd |
Proposed ligand, two publications |
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | MRGPRF |
MRGPRF |
Mrgprf |
Mrgprf |
||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22
{Sp: Human}
|
MRGPRX1 |
MRGPRX1 |
Proposed ligand, two publications | ||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
PAMP-20
{Sp: Human}
|
MRGPRX2 |
MRGPRX2 |
Proposed ligand, two publications | ||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | MRGPRX4 |
MRGPRX4 |
||||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology | P2RY8 |
P2RY8 |
||||
| Class A Orphans with emerging pharmacology |
LPA
sphingosine 1-phosphate |
P2RY10 |
P2RY10 |
P2ry10 |
P2ry10 |
Proposed ligands, single publication |
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR20 |
GPR20 |
Gpr20 |
Gpr20 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR21 |
GPR21 |
Gpr21 |
Gpr21 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR22 |
GPR22 |
Gpr22 |
Gpr22 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR26 |
GPR26 |
Gpr26 |
Gpr26 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR27 |
GPR27 |
Gpr27 |
Gpr27 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR45 |
GPR45 |
Gpr45 |
Gpr45 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR50 |
GPR50 |
Gpr50 |
Gpr50 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR62 |
GPR62 |
Gpr62 |
Gpr62 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR78 |
GPR78 |
||||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR79 |
GPR79 |
||||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR82 |
GPR82 |
Gpr82 |
|||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR135 |
GPR135 |
Gpr135 |
Gpr135 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR141 |
GPR141 |
Gpr141 |
Gpr141 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR148 |
GPR148 |
||||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR149 |
GPR149 |
Gpr149 |
Gpr149 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR150 |
GPR150 |
Gpr150 |
Gpr150 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR152 |
GPR152 |
Gpr152 |
Gpr152 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR153 |
GPR153 |
Gpr153 |
Gpr153 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR161 |
GPR161 |
Gpr161 |
Gpr161 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | GPR176 |
GPR176 |
Gpr176 |
Gpr176 |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | MRGPRE |
MRGPRE |
Mrgpre |
Mrgpre |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | MRGPRG |
MRGPRG |
Mrgprg |
Mrgprg |
||
| Class A Orphans with no pharmacology | MRGPRX3 |
MRGPRX3 |
||||
| Class A Orphans with only surrogate ligands | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Class A Orphans with only surrogate ligands | GPR33 |
GPR33 |
Gpr33-ps1 |
Gpr33 |
pseudogene in most individuals | |
| Class A Orphans with only surrogate ligands | GPR52 |
GPR52 |
Gpr52 |
Gpr52 |
||
| Class A Orphans with only surrogate ligands | GPR85 |
GPR85 |
Gpr85 |
Gpr85 |
||
| Class A Orphans with only surrogate ligands | GPR88 |
GPR88 |
Gpr88 |
Gpr88 |
||
| Complement peptide receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Complement peptide receptors |
C5a
{Sp: Human}
C3a {Sp: Human} C5a {Sp: Mouse} C3a {Sp: Mouse} C5a {Sp: Rat} C3a {Sp: Rat} |
C3a receptor |
C3AR1 |
C3ar1 |
C3ar1 |
C3a anaphylatoxin has a higher potency than C5a anaphylatoxin |
| Complement peptide receptors |
C5a
{Sp: Human}
C3a {Sp: Human} C5a {Sp: Mouse} C3a {Sp: Mouse} C5a {Sp: Rat} C3a {Sp: Rat} C5a des-Arg {Sp: Human} ribosomal protein S19 {Sp: Human} |
C5a1 receptor |
C5AR1 |
C5ar1 |
C5ar1 |
C5a anaphylatoxin has a higher potency than C3a anaphylatoxin |
| Complement peptide receptors |
C5a
{Sp: Human}
C5a des-Arg {Sp: Human} |
C5a2 receptor |
C5AR2 |
C5ar2 |
C5ar2 |
|
| Dopamine receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Dopamine receptors |
dopamine
5-hydroxytryptamine noradrenaline |
D1 receptor |
DRD1 |
Drd1 |
Drd1 |
|
| Dopamine receptors |
dopamine
|
D2 receptor |
DRD2 |
Drd2 |
Drd2 |
|
| Dopamine receptors |
dopamine
|
D3 receptor |
DRD3 |
Drd3 |
Drd3 |
|
| Dopamine receptors |
dopamine
|
D4 receptor |
DRD4 |
Drd4 |
Drd4 |
|
| Dopamine receptors |
dopamine
5-hydroxytryptamine noradrenaline |
D5 receptor |
DRD5 |
Drd5 |
Drd5 |
|
| Endothelin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Endothelin receptors |
endothelin-2
{Sp: Human}
endothelin-1 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} endothelin-2 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} |
ETA receptor |
EDNRA |
Ednra |
Ednra |
Endothelin-3 is a low potency endogenous agonist |
| Endothelin receptors |
endothelin-2
{Sp: Human}
endothelin-1 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} endothelin-3 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} endothelin-2 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} |
ETB receptor |
EDNRB |
Ednrb |
Ednrb |
|
| Formylpeptide receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Formylpeptide receptors |
annexin I
{Sp: Human}
annexin I-(2-26) {Sp: Human} annexin I {Sp: Mouse} , annexin I {Sp: Rat} cathepsin G {Sp: Human} , cathepsin G {Sp: Mouse} , cathepsin G {Sp: Rat} spinorphin |
FPR1 |
FPR1 |
Fpr1 |
Fpr1 |
|
| Formylpeptide receptors |
annexin I
{Sp: Human}
,
annexin I
{Sp: Mouse}
,
annexin I
{Sp: Rat}
aspirin triggered lipoxin A4 aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 CRAMP {Sp: Mouse} humanin {Sp: Human} LL-37 {Sp: Human} LXA4 PrP106-126 resolvin D1 serum amyloid A {Sp: Human} |
FPR2 |
FPR2 |
Fpr2 |
Fpr2 |
|
| Formylpeptide receptors |
annexin I-(2-26)
{Sp: Human}
F2L {Sp: Human} , F2L {Sp: Mouse, Rat} humanin {Sp: Human} |
FPR3 |
FPR3 |
Fpr3 |
Fpr3 |
|
| Free fatty acid receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Free fatty acid receptors |
docosahexaenoic acid
α-linolenic acid myristic acid oleic acid long chain carboxylic acids |
FFA1 receptor |
FFAR1 |
Ffar1 |
Ffar1 |
|
| Free fatty acid receptors |
acetic acid
butyric acid 1-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid propanoic acid trans-2-methylcrotonic acid |
FFA2 receptor |
FFAR2 |
Ffar2 |
Ffar2 |
|
| Free fatty acid receptors |
butyric acid
1-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid propanoic acid |
FFA3 receptor |
FFAR3 |
Ffar3 |
Ffar3 |
|
| Free fatty acid receptors |
linoleic acid
α-linolenic acid myristic acid oleic acid Free fatty acids |
FFA4 receptor |
FFAR4 |
Ffar4 |
Ffar4 |
|
| Free fatty acid receptors | GPR42 |
GPR42 |
Very closely related to FFA3. Might be a pseudogene. | |||
| Galanin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Galanin receptors |
galanin
{Sp: Human}
,
galanin
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
galanin-like peptide {Sp: Human} , galanin-like peptide {Sp: Mouse} , galanin-like peptide {Sp: Rat} |
GAL1 receptor |
GALR1 |
Galr1 |
Galr1 |
Galanin is more potent than galanin-like peptide |
| Galanin receptors |
galanin
{Sp: Human}
,
galanin
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
galanin-like peptide {Sp: Human} , galanin-like peptide {Sp: Mouse} , galanin-like peptide {Sp: Rat} spexin-1 {Sp: Human} |
GAL2 receptor |
GALR2 |
Galr2 |
Galr2 |
|
| Galanin receptors |
galanin
{Sp: Human}
,
galanin
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
galanin-like peptide {Sp: Human} , galanin-like peptide {Sp: Mouse} , galanin-like peptide {Sp: Rat} spexin-1 {Sp: Human} |
GAL3 receptor |
GALR3 |
Galr3 |
Galr3 |
Galanin-like peptide is more potent than galanin |
| Ghrelin receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Ghrelin receptor |
[des-Gln14]ghrelin
{Sp: Human}
,
[des-Gln14]ghrelin
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
ghrelin {Sp: Human} , ghrelin {Sp: Mouse, Rat} |
ghrelin receptor |
GHSR |
Ghsr |
Ghsr |
The major circulating form of ghrelin is [des-octanoyl]ghrelin (human)/[des-octanoyl]ghrelin (mouse/rat). |
| Glycoprotein hormone receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Glycoprotein hormone receptors |
FSH
{Sp: Human}
,
FSH
{Sp: Mouse}
,
FSH
{Sp: Rat}
|
FSH receptor |
FSHR |
Fshr |
Fshr |
|
| Glycoprotein hormone receptors |
hCG
{Sp: Human}
LH {Sp: Human} , LH {Sp: Mouse} , LH {Sp: Rat} |
LH receptor |
LHCGR |
Lhcgr |
Lhcgr |
|
| Glycoprotein hormone receptors |
TSH
{Sp: Human}
,
TSH
{Sp: Mouse}
,
TSH
{Sp: Rat}
|
TSH receptor |
TSHR |
Tshr |
Tshr |
|
| Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors |
GnRH I
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
GnRH II {Sp: Human} |
GnRH1 receptor |
GNRHR |
Gnrhr |
Gnrhr |
GnRH I is the more potent agonist |
| Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors |
GnRH I
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
GnRH II {Sp: Human} |
GnRH2 receptor |
GNRHR2 |
Probable transcribed pseudogene in man [...]. Natural/endogenous ligands refer to non-human mammalian species. | ||
| GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 |
N-arachidonoylglycine
|
GPR18 |
GPR18 |
Gpr18 |
Gpr18 |
|
| GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 |
anandamide
2-arachidonoylglycerol 2-arachidonoylglycerolphosphoinositol lysophosphatidylinositol N-palmitoylethanolamine |
GPR55 |
GPR55 |
Gpr55 |
Gpr55 |
Proposed ligand, several publications |
| GPR18, GPR55 and GPR119 |
N-oleoylethanolamide
N-palmitoylethanolamine SEA |
GPR119 |
GPR119 |
Gpr119 |
Gpr119 |
Proposed ligand, two publications |
| GPR42, GPR84 | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| GPR42, GPR84 | GPR42 |
GPR42 |
Very closely related to FFA3. Might be a pseudogene. | |||
| GPR42, GPR84 | Medium-chain-length fatty acids | GPR84 |
GPR84 |
Gpr84 |
Gpr84 |
Medium chain free fatty acids with carbon chain lengths of 9-14 have been shown by several groups to activate GPR84 [...][...][...]. A surrogate ligand for GPR84, 6-n-octylaminouracil, has also been proposed [...]. |
| G protein-coupled estrogen receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| G protein-coupled estrogen receptor |
17β-estradiol
|
GPER |
GPER1 |
Gper1 |
Gper1 |
Southern et al. (2013) were unable to detect 17β-estradiol-GPER engagement using the PathHunter™ β-Arrestin recruitment assay [...]. |
| Histamine receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Histamine receptors |
histamine
|
H1 receptor |
HRH1 |
Hrh1 |
Hrh1 |
|
| Histamine receptors |
histamine
|
H2 receptor |
HRH2 |
Hrh2 |
Hrh2 |
|
| Histamine receptors |
histamine
|
H3 receptor |
HRH3 |
Hrh3 |
Hrh3 |
|
| Histamine receptors |
CCL16
{Sp: Human}
histamine |
H4 receptor |
HRH4 |
Hrh4 |
Hrh4 |
|
| Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors |
L-lactic acid
|
HCA1 receptor |
HCAR1 |
Hcar1 |
Hcar1 |
Proposed ligand, two publications |
| Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors |
butyric acid
β-D-hydroxybutyric acid |
HCA2 receptor |
HCAR2 |
Hcar2 |
Hcar2 |
|
| Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors |
3-hydroxyoctanoic acid
|
HCA3 receptor |
HCAR3 |
|||
| Kisspeptin receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Kisspeptin receptor |
kisspeptin-10
{Sp: Human}
kisspeptin-13 {Sp: Human} kisspeptin-14 {Sp: Human} kisspeptin-54 {Sp: Human} kisspeptin-52 {Sp: Mouse} kisspeptin-10 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} kisspeptin-52 {Sp: Rat} |
kisspeptin receptor |
KISS1R |
Kiss1r |
Kiss1r |
|
| Leukotriene receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Leukotriene receptors |
20-hydroxy-LTB4
LTB4 12R-HETE |
BLT1 receptor |
LTB4R |
Ltb4r |
Ltb4r1 |
LTB4 is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Leukotriene receptors |
12-epi LTB4
12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid 20-hydroxy-LTB4 LTB4 12R-HETE 15S-HETE 12S-HETE 12S-HPETE |
BLT2 receptor |
LTB4R2 |
Ltb4r2 |
Ltb4r2 |
12-Hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Leukotriene receptors |
LTC4
LTD4 LTE4 |
CysLT1 receptor |
CYSLTR1 |
Cysltr1 |
Cysltr1 |
LTD4 is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Leukotriene receptors |
LTC4
LTD4 LTE4 |
CysLT2 receptor |
CYSLTR2 |
Cysltr2 |
Cysltr2 |
LTC4 and LTD4 are more potent agonists than LTE4 |
| Leukotriene receptors |
5-oxo-C20:3
5-oxo-ETE 5-oxo-20-HETE 5-oxo-12-HETE 5-oxo-15-HETE 5-oxo-ODE 5S-HETE 5S-HPETE |
OXER1 |
OXER1 |
5-Oxo-ETE and 5-oxo-C20:3 are the most potent endogenous agonists | ||
| Leukotriene receptors |
annexin I
{Sp: Human}
,
annexin I
{Sp: Mouse}
,
annexin I
{Sp: Rat}
aspirin triggered lipoxin A4 aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 CRAMP {Sp: Mouse} humanin {Sp: Human} LL-37 {Sp: Human} LXA4 PrP106-126 resolvin D1 serum amyloid A {Sp: Human} |
FPR2 |
FPR2 |
Fpr2 |
Fpr2 |
|
| LGR4, LGR5, LGR6 | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| LGR4, LGR5, LGR6 |
R-spondin-1
{Sp: Human}
R-spondin-2 {Sp: Human} R-spondin-3 {Sp: Human} R-spondin-4 {Sp: Human} R-spondins |
LGR4 |
LGR4 |
Lgr4 |
Lgr4 |
Proposed ligands, single publication |
| LGR4, LGR5, LGR6 |
R-spondin-1
{Sp: Human}
R-spondin-2 {Sp: Human} R-spondin-3 {Sp: Human} R-spondin-4 {Sp: Human} |
LGR5 |
LGR5 |
Lgr5 |
Lgr5 |
|
| LGR4, LGR5, LGR6 |
R-spondin-1
{Sp: Human}
R-spondin-2 {Sp: Human} R-spondin-3 {Sp: Human} R-spondin-4 {Sp: Human} R-spondins |
LGR6 |
LGR6 |
Lgr6 |
Lgr6 |
Proposed ligands, single publication |
| Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors |
LPA
|
LPA1 receptor |
LPAR1 |
Lpar1 |
Lpar1 |
|
| Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors |
farnesyl diphosphate
farnesyl monophosphate LPA |
LPA2 receptor |
LPAR2 |
Lpar2 |
Lpar2 |
|
| Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors |
farnesyl diphosphate
farnesyl monophosphate LPA |
LPA3 receptor |
LPAR3 |
Lpar3 |
Lpar3 |
|
| Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors |
farnesyl diphosphate
LPA |
LPA4 receptor |
LPAR4 |
Lpar4 |
Lpar4 |
Proposed ligand in several publications but not replicated in a recent study based on β-arrestin recruitment [...]. |
| Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors |
farnesyl diphosphate
farnesyl monophosphate LPA N-arachidonoylglycine |
LPA5 receptor |
LPAR5 |
Lpar5 |
Lpar5 |
Proposed ligand, two publications |
| Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors |
LPA
|
LPA6 receptor |
LPAR6 |
Lpar6 |
Lpar6 |
|
| Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors |
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
S1P1 receptor |
S1PR1 |
S1pr1 |
S1pr1 |
Sphingosine 1-phosphate exhibits greater potency than sphingosylphosphorylcholine. LPA is a low potency agonist. |
| Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors |
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
S1P2 receptor |
S1PR2 |
S1pr2 |
S1pr2 |
Sphingosine 1-phosphate exhibits greater potency than sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
| Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors |
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
S1P3 receptor |
S1PR3 |
S1pr3 |
S1pr3 |
Sphingosine 1-phosphate exhibits greater potency than sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
| Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors |
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
S1P4 receptor |
S1PR4 |
S1pr4 |
S1pr4 |
Sphingosine 1-phosphate exhibits greater potency than sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
| Lysophospholipid (S1P) receptors |
dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
S1P5 receptor |
S1PR5 |
S1pr5 |
S1pr5 |
Sphingosine 1-phosphate exhibits greater potency than sphingosylphosphorylcholine |
| Mas1, BB3/brs3, GPR17 | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Mas1, BB3/brs3, GPR17 | MAS1 |
MAS1 |
Mas1 |
Mas1 |
||
| Mas1, BB3/brs3, GPR17 | BB3 receptor |
BRS3 |
Brs3 |
Brs3 |
||
| Mas1, BB3/brs3, GPR17 |
ATP
LTC4 LTD4 LTE4 UDP UDP-galactose UDP-glucose cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs), uracil nucleotides |
GPR17 |
GPR17 |
Gpr17 |
Gpr17 |
Proposed ligands, single publication |
| Melanin-concentrating hormone receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Melanin-concentrating hormone receptors |
melanin-concentrating hormone
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
|
MCH1 receptor |
MCHR1 |
Mchr1 |
Mchr1 |
|
| Melanin-concentrating hormone receptors |
melanin-concentrating hormone
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
|
MCH2 receptor |
MCHR2 |
|||
| Melanocortin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Melanocortin receptors |
ACTH
{Sp: Human}
,
ACTH
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
agouti {Sp: Mouse} β-MSH {Sp: Human} α-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} γ-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} β-MSH {Sp: Mouse} , β-MSH {Sp: Rat} |
MC1 receptor |
MC1R |
Mc1r |
Mc1r |
α-MSH is the principal endogenous agonist. Endogenous antagonists are agouti and agouti-related protein. For representations of the rodent orthologues of these peptides see agouti (mouse), agouti (rat) and agouti-related protein (mouse). |
| Melanocortin receptors |
ACTH
{Sp: Human}
,
ACTH
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
|
MC2 receptor |
MC2R |
Mc2r |
Mc2r |
Endogenous antagonists are agouti and agouti-related protein. For representations of the rodent orthologues of these peptides see agouti (mouse), agouti (rat) and agouti-related protein (mouse). |
| Melanocortin receptors |
ACTH
{Sp: Human}
,
ACTH
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
agouti {Sp: Mouse} agouti-related protein {Sp: Human} β-MSH {Sp: Human} α-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} γ-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} β-MSH {Sp: Mouse} , β-MSH {Sp: Rat} |
MC3 receptor |
MC3R |
Mc3r |
Mc3r |
γ-MSH is the principal endogenous agonist. Endogenous antagonists are agouti and agouti-related protein. For representations of the rodent orthologues of these peptides see agouti (mouse), agouti (rat) and agouti-related protein (mouse). |
| Melanocortin receptors |
ACTH
{Sp: Human}
,
ACTH
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
agouti {Sp: Mouse} agouti-related protein {Sp: Human} β-MSH {Sp: Human} α-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} γ-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} β-MSH {Sp: Mouse} , β-MSH {Sp: Rat} |
MC4 receptor |
MC4R |
Mc4r |
Mc4r |
β-MSH is the principal endogenous agonist. Endogenous antagonists are agouti and agouti-related protein. For representations of the rodent orthologues of these peptides see agouti (mouse), agouti (rat) and agouti-related protein (mouse). |
| Melanocortin receptors |
ACTH
{Sp: Human}
,
ACTH
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
agouti {Sp: Mouse} agouti-related protein {Sp: Human} β-MSH {Sp: Human} α-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} γ-MSH {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} β-MSH {Sp: Mouse} , β-MSH {Sp: Rat} |
MC5 receptor |
MC5R |
Mc5r |
Mc5r |
α-MSH is the principal endogenous agonist. Endogenous antagonists are agouti and agouti-related protein. For representations of the rodent orthologues of these peptides see agouti (mouse), agouti (rat) and agouti-related protein (mouse). |
| Melatonin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Melatonin receptors |
melatonin
|
MT1 receptor |
MTNR1A |
Mtnr1a |
Mtnr1a |
|
| Melatonin receptors |
melatonin
|
MT2 receptor |
MTNR1B |
Mtnr1b |
Mtnr1b |
|
| Motilin receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Motilin receptor |
motilin
{Sp: Human, Pig}
|
motilin receptor |
MLNR |
aka GPR38 | ||
| Neuromedin U receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Neuromedin U receptors |
neuromedin S-33
{Sp: Human}
neuromedin S-36 {Sp: Mouse} , neuromedin S-36 {Sp: Rat} neuromedin U-25 {Sp: Human} neuromedin U-23 {Sp: Mouse} , neuromedin U-23 {Sp: Rat} |
NMU1 receptor |
NMUR1 |
Nmur1 |
Nmur1 |
|
| Neuromedin U receptors |
neuromedin S-33
{Sp: Human}
neuromedin S-36 {Sp: Mouse} , neuromedin S-36 {Sp: Rat} neuromedin U-25 {Sp: Human} neuromedin U-23 {Sp: Rat} |
NMU2 receptor |
NMUR2 |
Nmur2 |
Nmur2 |
|
| Neuropeptide FF/neuropeptide AF receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Neuropeptide FF/neuropeptide AF receptors |
neuropeptide AF
{Sp: Human}
,
neuropeptide AF
{Sp: Mouse}
,
neuropeptide AF
{Sp: Rat}
neuropeptide FF {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} neuropeptide SF {Sp: Human} , neuropeptide SF {Sp: Mouse} , neuropeptide SF {Sp: Rat} RFRP-1 {Sp: Human} RFRP-3 {Sp: Human} |
NPFF1 receptor |
NPFFR1 |
Npffr1 |
Npffr1 |
Neuropeptide FF is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Neuropeptide FF/neuropeptide AF receptors |
neuropeptide AF
{Sp: Human}
,
neuropeptide AF
{Sp: Mouse}
,
neuropeptide AF
{Sp: Rat}
neuropeptide FF {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} neuropeptide SF {Sp: Human} RFRP-1 {Sp: Human} RFRP-3 {Sp: Human} |
NPFF2 receptor |
NPFFR2 |
Npffr2 |
Npffr2 |
Neuropeptide AF is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Neuropeptide S receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Neuropeptide S receptor |
neuropeptide S
{Sp: Human}
,
neuropeptide S
{Sp: Mouse}
,
neuropeptide S
{Sp: Rat}
|
NPS receptor |
NPSR1 |
Npsr1 |
Npsr1 |
|
| Neuropeptide W/neuropeptide B receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Neuropeptide W/neuropeptide B receptors |
des-Br-neuropeptide B-23
{Sp: Human}
des-Br-neuropeptide B-29 {Sp: Human} neuropeptide B-23 {Sp: Human} neuropeptide B-29 {Sp: Human} neuropeptide B-23 {Sp: Mouse} neuropeptide B-29 {Sp: Mouse} neuropeptide B-23 {Sp: Rat} neuropeptide B-29 {Sp: Rat} neuropeptide W-23 {Sp: Human} neuropeptide W-30 {Sp: Human} , neuropeptide W-30 {Sp: Mouse} neuropeptide W-23 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} neuropeptide W-30 {Sp: Rat} |
NPBW1 receptor |
NPBWR1 |
Npbwr1 |
Npbwr1 |
|
| Neuropeptide W/neuropeptide B receptors |
neuropeptide B-23
{Sp: Human}
neuropeptide B-29 {Sp: Human} neuropeptide B-23 {Sp: Mouse} neuropeptide B-29 {Sp: Mouse} neuropeptide B-23 {Sp: Rat} neuropeptide B-29 {Sp: Rat} neuropeptide W-23 {Sp: Human} neuropeptide W-30 {Sp: Human} , neuropeptide W-30 {Sp: Mouse} neuropeptide W-23 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} neuropeptide W-30 {Sp: Rat} |
NPBW2 receptor |
NPBWR2 |
|||
| Neuropeptide Y receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Neuropeptide Y receptors |
neuropeptide Y
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Human} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Mouse} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Rat} peptide YY {Sp: Human} , peptide YY {Sp: Mouse, Rat, Pig} |
Y1 receptor |
NPY1R |
Npy1r |
Npy1r |
Neuropeptide Y is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Neuropeptide Y receptors |
neuropeptide Y
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
neuropeptide Y-(3-36) {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Human} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Mouse} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Rat} peptide YY {Sp: Human} , peptide YY {Sp: Mouse, Rat, Pig} PYY-(3-36) {Sp: Human} |
Y2 receptor |
NPY2R |
Npy2r |
Npy2r |
Neuropeptide Y is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Neuropeptide Y receptors |
neuropeptide Y
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Human} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Mouse} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Rat} peptide YY {Sp: Human} , peptide YY {Sp: Mouse, Rat, Pig} PYY-(3-36) {Sp: Mouse, Rat} |
Y4 receptor |
NPY4R |
Npy4r |
Npy4r |
Peptide YY is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Neuropeptide Y receptors |
neuropeptide Y
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Human} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Mouse} , pancreatic polypeptide {Sp: Rat} peptide YY {Sp: Human} , peptide YY {Sp: Mouse, Rat, Pig} PYY-(3-36) {Sp: Mouse, Rat} |
Y5 receptor |
NPY5R |
Npy5r |
Npy5r |
Neuropeptide Y is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Neuropeptide Y receptors | y6 receptor |
NPY6R |
Npy6r |
Pseudogene in humans | ||
| Neurotensin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Neurotensin receptors |
large neuromedin N
{Sp: Human}
,
large neuromedin N
{Sp: Mouse}
,
large neuromedin N
{Sp: Rat}
large neurotensin {Sp: Human} neuromedin N {Sp: Human} , neuromedin N {Sp: Mouse, Rat} neurotensin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine} |
NTS1 receptor |
NTSR1 |
Ntsr1 |
Ntsr1 |
Neurotensin is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Neurotensin receptors |
neuromedin N
{Sp: Human}
,
neuromedin N
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
neurotensin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Bovine} xenin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
NTS2 receptor |
NTSR2 |
Ntsr2 |
Ntsr2 |
Neurotensin is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Opioid receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Opioid receptors |
dynorphin A-(1-13)
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
dynorphin A {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} dynorphin A-(1-8) {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} dynorphin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} endomorphin-1 {Sp: Human} β-endorphin {Sp: Human} , β-endorphin {Sp: Mouse} , β-endorphin {Sp: Rat} [Leu]enkephalin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} [Met]enkephalin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} α-neoendorphin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
δ receptor |
OPRD1 |
Oprd1 |
Oprd1 |
|
| Opioid receptors |
big dynorphin
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
dynorphin A-(1-13) {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} dynorphin A {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} dynorphin A-(1-8) {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} dynorphin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} β-endorphin {Sp: Human} , β-endorphin {Sp: Mouse} , β-endorphin {Sp: Rat} [Leu]enkephalin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} [Met]enkephalin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} α-neoendorphin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} β-neoendorphin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
κ receptor |
OPRK1 |
Oprk1 |
Oprk1 |
Dynorphin A and big dynorphin are the highest potency endogenous ligands |
| Opioid receptors |
dynorphin A-(1-13)
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
dynorphin A {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} dynorphin A-(1-8) {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} dynorphin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} endomorphin-1 {Sp: Human} endomorphin-2 {Sp: Human} β-endorphin {Sp: Human} , β-endorphin {Sp: Mouse} , β-endorphin {Sp: Rat} [Leu]enkephalin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} [Met]enkephalin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
μ receptor |
OPRM1 |
Oprm1 |
Oprm1 |
β-Endorphin is the highest potency endogenous ligand |
| Opioid receptors |
nociceptin/orphanin FQ
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
|
NOP receptor |
OPRL1 |
Oprl1 |
Oprl1 |
|
| Opsin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Opsin receptors | OPN1LW |
OPN1LW |
Opn1mw |
|||
| Opsin receptors | OPN1MW |
OPN1MW |
Opn1mw |
|||
| Opsin receptors | OPN1SW |
OPN1SW |
Opn1sw |
Opn1sw |
||
| Opsin receptors | Rhodopsin |
RHO |
Rho |
Rho |
||
| Opsin receptors | OPN3 |
OPN3 |
Opn3 |
Opn3 |
Probably a sensory receptor. | |
| Opsin receptors | OPN4 |
OPN4 |
Opn4 |
Opn4 |
||
| Opsin receptors | OPN5 |
OPN5 |
Opn5 |
Opn5 |
||
| Orexin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Orexin receptors |
orexin-A
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
orexin-B {Sp: Human} , orexin-B {Sp: Mouse, Rat} |
OX1 receptor |
HCRTR1 |
Hcrtr1 |
Hcrtr1 |
|
| Orexin receptors |
orexin-A
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
orexin-B {Sp: Human} , orexin-B {Sp: Mouse, Rat} |
OX2 receptor |
HCRTR2 |
Hcrtr2 |
Hcrtr2 |
|
| Oxoglutarate receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Oxoglutarate receptor |
α-ketoglutaric acid
|
oxoglutarate receptor |
OXGR1 |
Oxgr1 |
Oxgr1 |
|
| P2Y receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| P2Y receptors |
ADP
ATP |
P2Y1 receptor |
P2RY1 |
P2ry1 |
P2ry1 |
|
| P2Y receptors |
ATP
UTP |
P2Y2 receptor |
P2RY2 |
P2ry2 |
P2ry2 |
|
| P2Y receptors |
ATP
UTP |
P2Y4 receptor |
P2RY4 |
P2ry4 |
P2ry4 |
|
| P2Y receptors |
UDP
UTP |
P2Y6 receptor |
P2RY6 |
P2ry6 |
P2ry6 |
|
| P2Y receptors |
ATP
UTP |
P2Y11 receptor |
P2RY11 |
|||
| P2Y receptors |
ADP
|
P2Y12 receptor |
P2RY12 |
P2ry12 |
P2ry12 |
|
| P2Y receptors |
ADP
ATP |
P2Y13 receptor |
P2RY13 |
P2ry13 |
P2ry13 |
|
| P2Y receptors |
UDP
UDP-galactose UDP-glucose UDP-glucuronic acid UDP N-acetyl-glucosamine |
P2Y14 receptor |
P2RY14 |
P2ry14 |
P2ry14 |
|
| Platelet-activating factor receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Platelet-activating factor receptor |
methylcarbamyl PAF
PAF |
PAF receptor |
PTAFR |
Ptafr |
Ptafr |
|
| Prokineticin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Prokineticin receptors |
prokineticin-1
{Sp: Human}
prokineticin-2 {Sp: Human} prokineticin-2β {Sp: Human} prokineticin-1 {Sp: Mouse} prokineticin-2 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} prokineticin-1 {Sp: Rat} |
PKR1 |
PROKR1 |
Prokr1 |
Prokr1 |
Prokineticin-2 is the higher potency endogenous agonist |
| Prokineticin receptors |
prokineticin-2β
{Sp: Human}
prokineticin-1 {Sp: Human} prokineticin-2 {Sp: Human} prokineticin-1 {Sp: Mouse} prokineticin-2 {Sp: Mouse, Rat} prokineticin-1 {Sp: Rat} |
PKR2 |
PROKR2 |
Prokr2 |
Prokr2 |
Prokineticin-2 is the higher potency endogenous agonist |
| Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor |
neuropeptide Y
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
PrRP-20 {Sp: Human} PrRP-31 {Sp: Human} , PrRP-31 {Sp: Rat} PrRP-20 {Sp: Rat} PTHrP {Sp: Human} |
PrRP receptor |
PRLHR |
Prlhr |
Prlhr |
|
| Prostanoid receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE1 PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 PGJ2 |
DP1 receptor |
PTGDR |
Ptgdr |
Ptgdr |
PGD2 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD3
PGD2 PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 PGJ2 |
DP2 receptor |
PTGDR2 |
Ptgdr2 |
Ptgdr2 |
11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2, a breakdown product of thromboxane A2 is an additional endogenous agonist of this receptor |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE1 PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 |
EP1 receptor |
PTGER1 |
Ptger1 |
Ptger1 |
PGE2 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE1 PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 |
EP2 receptor |
PTGER2 |
Ptger2 |
Ptger2 |
PGE2 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE1 PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 |
EP3 receptor |
PTGER3 |
Ptger3 |
Ptger3 |
PGE2 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE1 PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 |
EP4 receptor |
PTGER4 |
Ptger4 |
Ptger4 |
PGE2 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 |
FP receptor |
PTGFR |
Ptgfr |
Ptgfr |
PGF2α is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE1 PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 |
IP receptor |
PTGIR |
Ptgir |
Ptgir |
PGI2 is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Prostanoid receptors |
PGD2
PGE2 PGF2α PGI2 thromboxane A2 |
TP receptor |
TBXA2R |
Tbxa2r |
Tbxa2r |
Thromboxane A2 is the principal endogenous agonist. PGE2 to a lesser extent can also activate the TP receptor. |
| Proteinase-activated receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Proteinase-activated receptors |
thrombin
{Sp: Human}
,
thrombin
{Sp: Mouse}
,
thrombin
{Sp: Rat}
|
PAR1 |
F2R |
F2r |
F2r |
|
| Proteinase-activated receptors | serine proteases | PAR2 |
F2RL1 |
F2rl1 |
F2rl1 |
|
| Proteinase-activated receptors |
thrombin
{Sp: Human}
,
thrombin
{Sp: Mouse}
,
thrombin
{Sp: Rat}
|
PAR3 |
F2RL2 |
F2rl2 |
F2rl2 |
|
| Proteinase-activated receptors |
cathepsin G
{Sp: Human}
,
cathepsin G
{Sp: Mouse}
,
cathepsin G
{Sp: Rat}
thrombin {Sp: Human} , thrombin {Sp: Mouse} , thrombin {Sp: Rat} serine proteases |
PAR4 |
F2RL3 |
F2rl3 |
F2rl3 |
|
| QRFP receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| QRFP receptor |
QRFP26
{Sp: Mouse}
QRFP43 {Sp: Mouse} QRFP26 {Sp: Rat} QRFP43 {Sp: Rat} QRFP26 (26RFa) {Sp: Human} QRFP43 (43RFa) {Sp: Human} |
QRFP receptor |
QRFPR |
Qrfpr |
Qrfpr |
|
| Relaxin family peptide receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Relaxin family peptide receptors |
relaxin-1
{Sp: Human}
relaxin {Sp: Human} relaxin-3 {Sp: Human} |
RXFP1 |
RXFP1 |
Rxfp1 |
Rxfp1 |
Relaxin is the most potent endogenous agonist and is the cognate ligand for RXFP1. There is cross reactivity between relaxin family peptides and their receptors: relaxin binds to and activates RXFP1 and RXFP2 and is a biased agonist at RXFP3; relaxin-3 binds to and activates RXFP1, RXFP3 and RXFP4. |
| Relaxin family peptide receptors |
INSL3
{Sp: Human}
relaxin-1 {Sp: Human} relaxin {Sp: Human} relaxin-3 {Sp: Human} |
RXFP2 |
RXFP2 |
Rxfp2 |
Rxfp2 |
INSL3 is the most potent endogenous agonist. Although human relaxin and relaxin-1 have high affinity for RXFP2 they are unlikely to interact with the receptor physiologically. |
| Relaxin family peptide receptors |
INSL5
{Sp: Human}
relaxin-3 {Sp: Human} relaxin {Sp: Human} relaxin-3 (B chain) {Sp: Human} |
RXFP3 |
RXFP3 |
Rxfp3 |
Rxfp3 |
Relaxin-3 is a potent endogenous agonist for RXFP3. Unlike other relaxins, the relaxin-3 (B) chain has some bioactivity. Relaxin is a biased agonist at RXFP3. Neither relaxin-3 (B) chain or relaxin are known to act on RXFP3 in vivo. |
| Relaxin family peptide receptors |
INSL5
{Sp: Human}
,
INSL5
{Sp: Mouse}
relaxin-3 {Sp: Human} |
RXFP4 |
RXFP4 |
Rxfp4 |
||
| Somatostatin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Somatostatin receptors |
cortistatin-14
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
CST-17 {Sp: Human} SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
SST1 receptor |
SSTR1 |
Sstr1 |
Sstr1 |
SRIF-14 and SRIF-28 are the active fragments of precursor somatostatin |
| Somatostatin receptors |
cortistatin-14
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
CST-17 {Sp: Human} SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
SST2 receptor |
SSTR2 |
Sstr2 |
Sstr2 |
SRIF-14 and SRIF-28 are the active fragments of precursor somatostatin |
| Somatostatin receptors |
cortistatin-14
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
CST-17 {Sp: Human} SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
SST3 receptor |
SSTR3 |
Sstr3 |
Sstr3 |
SRIF-14 and SRIF-28 are the active fragments of precursor somatostatin |
| Somatostatin receptors |
cortistatin-14
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
CST-17 {Sp: Human} SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
SST4 receptor |
SSTR4 |
Sstr4 |
Sstr4 |
SRIF-14 and SRIF-28 are the active fragments of precursor somatostatin. SST4 has lower affinity for SRIF-14 and SRIF-28 than the other somatostatin receptor subtypes. |
| Somatostatin receptors |
cortistatin-14
{Sp: Mouse, Rat}
CST-17 {Sp: Human} SRIF-14 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} SRIF-28 {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
SST5 receptor |
SSTR5 |
Sstr5 |
Sstr5 |
SRIF-14 and SRIF-28 are the active fragments of precursor somatostatin |
| Succinate receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Succinate receptor |
succinic acid
|
succinate receptor |
SUCNR1 |
Sucnr1 |
Sucnr1 |
|
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 | TAAR2 |
TAAR2 |
Taar2 |
Taar2 |
||
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 |
isoamylamine
|
TAAR3 |
TAAR3P |
Taar3 |
Taar3 |
probable pseudogene. |
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 | TAAR4P |
TAAR4P |
Taar4 |
Taar4 |
||
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 | TAAR5 |
TAAR5 |
Taar5 |
Taar5 |
||
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 | TAAR6 |
TAAR6 |
Taar6 |
Taar6 |
||
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 | TAAR8 |
TAAR8 |
Taar8a |
Taar8b |
||
| TAAR2, TAAR3, TAAR4p, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9 | TAAR9 |
TAAR9 |
Taar9 |
Taar9 |
||
| Tachykinin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Tachykinin receptors |
hemokinin 1
{Sp: Mouse}
neurokinin A {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} neurokinin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig} neuropeptide-γ neuropeptide K {Sp: Human, Rat} substance P {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
NK1 receptor |
TACR1 |
Tacr1 |
Tacr1 |
Substance P is the highest potency endogenous agonist |
| Tachykinin receptors |
hemokinin 1
{Sp: Mouse}
neurokinin A {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} neurokinin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig} neuropeptide γ {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} neuropeptide K {Sp: Human, Rat} substance P {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
NK2 receptor |
TACR2 |
Tacr2 |
Tacr2 |
Neurokinin A is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Tachykinin receptors |
hemokinin 1
{Sp: Mouse}
neurokinin A {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} neurokinin B {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat, Pig} substance P {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
NK3 receptor |
TACR3 |
Tacr3 |
Tacr3 |
Neurokinin B is the highest potency endogenous agonist |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors |
TRH
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
|
TRH1 receptor |
TRHR |
Trhr |
Trhr |
|
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors | TRH2 receptor |
Mlnr |
Trhr2 |
|||
| Trace amine receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Trace amine receptor |
dopamine
3-iodothyronamine octopamine β-phenylethylamine tyramine |
TA1 receptor |
TAAR1 |
Taar1 |
Taar1 |
Tyramine is the most potent endogenous agonist |
| Urotensin receptor | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Urotensin receptor |
urotensin-II
{Sp: Human}
,
urotensin-II
{Sp: Mouse}
,
urotensin-II
{Sp: Rat}
urotensin II-related peptide {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
UT receptor |
UTS2R |
Uts2r |
Uts2r |
aka GPR14 |
| Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors | ||||||
| Family name | Ligand | Official IUPHAR receptor name | Human gene symbol | Rat gene symbol | Mouse gene symbol | Comment |
| Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors |
oxytocin
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
vasopressin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
V1A receptor |
AVPR1A |
Avpr1a |
Avpr1a |
Vasopressin is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors |
oxytocin
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
vasopressin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
V1B receptor |
AVPR1B |
Avpr1b |
Avpr1b |
Vasopressin is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors |
oxytocin
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
vasopressin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
V2 receptor |
AVPR2 |
Avpr2 |
Avpr2 |
Vasopressin is the principal endogenous agonist |
| Vasopressin and oxytocin receptors |
oxytocin
{Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat}
vasopressin {Sp: Human, Mouse, Rat} |
OT receptor |
OXTR |
Oxtr |
Oxtr |
Oxytocin is the principal endogenous ligand |
