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Gene and Protein Information | ||||||
class A G protein-coupled receptor | ||||||
Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
Human | 7 | 369 | 3p21.31 | CCR9 | C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 | 17 |
Mouse | 7 | 369 | 9 74.33 cM | Ccr9 | C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 | 17 |
Rat | 6 | 369 | 8q32 | Ccr9 | C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 |
Previous and Unofficial Names | |
GPR 9-6 [17] | GPR28 |
Database Links | |
Specialist databases | |
GPCRdb | ccr9_human (Hs), ccr9_mouse (Mm), q8ch33_rat (Rn) |
Other databases | |
Alphafold | P51686 (Hs), Q9WUT7 (Mm), Q8CH33 (Rn) |
ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL5815 (Hs) |
Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000173585 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000029530 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000006311 (Rn) |
Entrez Gene | 10803 (Hs), 12769 (Mm), 282832 (Rn) |
Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000173585 (Hs) |
KEGG Gene | hsa:10803 (Hs), mmu:12769 (Mm), rno:282832 (Rn) |
OMIM | 604738 (Hs) |
Pharos | P51686 (Hs) |
RefSeq Nucleotide | NM_006641 (Hs), NM_009913 (Mm), NM_172329 (Rn) |
RefSeq Protein | NP_006632 (Hs), NP_034043 (Mm), NP_758832 (Rn) |
UniProtKB | P51686 (Hs), Q9WUT7 (Mm), Q8CH33 (Rn) |
Wikipedia | CCR9 (Hs) |
Selected 3D Structures | |||||||||||||
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Natural/Endogenous Ligands |
CCL25 {Sp: Human} , CCL25 {Sp: Mouse} |
Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file
Antagonists | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key to terms and symbols | View all chemical structures | Click column headers to sort | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Allosteric Modulators | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key to terms and symbols | View all chemical structures | Click column headers to sort | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Immunopharmacology Comments |
CCR9 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. Chemokines primarily act to promote leukocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation. Activation of CCR9 by CCL25 plays a key role in leukocyte recruitment to the gut and CCR9 antagonists are being pursued as therapeutic agents for inflammatory bowel disease [13]. |
Immuno Process Associations | ||
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Primary Transduction Mechanisms | |
Transducer | Effector/Response |
Gi/Go family | Calcium channel |
References: 15,17-18 |
Tissue Distribution | ||||||||
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Expression Datasets | |
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Functional Assays | ||||||||||
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Physiological Functions | ||||||||
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Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression | ||||||||||
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Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models | Mouse data from MGI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Biologically Significant Variants | ||||||||
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1. Carramolino L, Zaballos A, Kremer L, Villares R, Martín P, Ardavín C, Martínez-A C, Márquez G. (2001) Expression of CCR9 beta-chemokine receptor is modulated in thymocyte differentiation and is selectively maintained in CD8(+) T cells from secondary lymphoid organs. Blood, 97 (4): 850-7. [PMID:11159507]
2. Honczarenko M, Le Y, Swierkowski M, Ghiran I, Glodek AM, Silberstein LE. (2006) Human bone marrow stromal cells express a distinct set of biologically functional chemokine receptors. Stem Cells, 24 (4): 1030-41. [PMID:16253981]
3. Hosoe N, Miura S, Watanabe C, Tsuzuki Y, Hokari R, Oyama T, Fujiyama Y, Nagata H, Ishii H. (2004) Demonstration of functional role of TECK/CCL25 in T lymphocyte-endothelium interaction in inflamed and uninflamed intestinal mucosa. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 286 (3): G458-66. [PMID:14592943]
4. Huber TB, Reinhardt HC, Exner M, Burger JA, Kerjaschki D, Saleem MA, Pavenstädt H. (2002) Expression of functional CCR and CXCR chemokine receptors in podocytes. J Immunol, 168 (12): 6244-52. [PMID:12055238]
5. Kalindjian SB, Kadnur SV, Hewson CA, Venkateshappa C, Juluri S, Kristam R, Kulkarni B, Mohammed Z, Saxena R, Viswanadhan VN et al.. (2016) A New Series of Orally Bioavailable Chemokine Receptor 9 (CCR9) Antagonists; Possible Agents for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Chem, 59 (7): 3098-111. [PMID:26987013]
6. Onai N, Kitabatake M, Zhang YY, Ishikawa H, Ishikawa S, Matsushima K. (2002) Pivotal role of CCL25 (TECK)-CCR9 in the formation of gut cryptopatches and consequent appearance of intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes. Int Immunol, 14 (7): 687-94. [PMID:12096027]
7. Oswald C, Rappas M, Kean J, Doré AS, Errey JC, Bennett K, Deflorian F, Christopher JA, Jazayeri A, Mason JS et al.. (2016) Intracellular allosteric antagonism of the CCR9 receptor. Nature, 540 (7633): 462-465. [PMID:27926729]
8. Pabst O, Ohl L, Wendland M, Wurbel MA, Kremmer E, Malissen B, Förster R. (2004) Chemokine receptor CCR9 contributes to the localization of plasma cells to the small intestine. J Exp Med, 199 (3): 411-6. [PMID:14744993]
9. Papadakis KA, Prehn J, Nelson V, Cheng L, Binder SW, Ponath PD, Andrew DP, Targan SR. (2000) The role of thymus-expressed chemokine and its receptor CCR9 on lymphocytes in the regional specialization of the mucosal immune system. J Immunol, 165 (9): 5069-76. [PMID:11046037]
10. Svensson M, Marsal J, Ericsson A, Carramolino L, Brodén T, Márquez G, Agace WW. (2002) CCL25 mediates the localization of recently activated CD8alphabeta(+) lymphocytes to the small-intestinal mucosa. J Clin Invest, 110 (8): 1113-21. [PMID:12393847]
11. Uehara S, Grinberg A, Farber JM, Love PE. (2002) A role for CCR9 in T lymphocyte development and migration. J Immunol, 168 (6): 2811-9. [PMID:11884450]
12. Walters MJ, Wang Y, Lai N, Baumgart T, Zhao BN, Dairaghi DJ, Bekker P, Ertl LS, Penfold ME, Jaen JC et al.. (2010) Characterization of CCX282-B, an orally bioavailable antagonist of the CCR9 chemokine receptor, for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 335 (1): 61-9. [PMID:20660125]
13. Wendt E, Keshav S. (2015) CCR9 antagonism: potential in the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Exp Gastroenterol, 8: 119-30. [PMID:25897254]
14. Wurbel MA, Malissen M, Guy-Grand D, Meffre E, Nussenzweig MC, Richelme M, Carrier A, Malissen B. (2001) Mice lacking the CCR9 CC-chemokine receptor show a mild impairment of early T- and B-cell development and a reduction in T-cell receptor gammadelta(+) gut intraepithelial lymphocytes. Blood, 98 (9): 2626-32. [PMID:11675330]
15. Youn BS, Kim CH, Smith FO, Broxmeyer HE. (1999) TECK, an efficacious chemoattractant for human thymocytes, uses GPR-9-6/CCR9 as a specific receptor. Blood, 94 (7): 2533-6. [PMID:10498628]
16. Yu CR, Peden KW, Zaitseva MB, Golding H, Farber JM. (2000) CCR9A and CCR9B: two receptors for the chemokine CCL25/TECK/Ck beta-15 that differ in their sensitivities to ligand. J Immunol, 164 (3): 1293-305. [PMID:10640743]
17. Zaballos A, Gutiérrez J, Varona R, Ardavín C, Márquez G. (1999) Cutting edge: identification of the orphan chemokine receptor GPR-9-6 as CCR9, the receptor for the chemokine TECK. J Immunol, 162 (10): 5671-5. [PMID:10229797]
18. Zabel BA, Agace WW, Campbell JJ, Heath HM, Parent D, Roberts AI, Ebert EC, Kassam N, Qin S, Zovko M, LaRosa GJ, Yang LL, Soler D, Butcher EC, Ponath PD, Parker CM, Andrew DP. (1999) Human G protein-coupled receptor GPR-9-6/CC chemokine receptor 9 is selectively expressed on intestinal homing T lymphocytes, mucosal lymphocytes, and thymocytes and is required for thymus-expressed chemokine-mediated chemotaxis. J Exp Med, 190: 1241-1256. [PMID:10544196]