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Kv3.1

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Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 548

Nomenclature: Kv3.1

Family: Voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv)

Contents:

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
Species TM P Loops AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 6 1 511 11p15.1 KCNC1 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1
Mouse 6 1 511 7 30.1 cM Kcnc1 potassium voltage gated channel, Shaw-related subfamily, member 1
Rat 6 1 585 1q22 Kcnc1 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1 8
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
Kcr2-1 | KV4 | Raw2 | Shaw | NGK2-KV4 | potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 1 | voltage-gated potassium channel subunit Kv4 | potassium voltage-gated channel, Shaw-related subfamily, member 1 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shaw related subfamily C, member 1 | potassium channel, voltage gated Shaw-related subfamily C, member 1 | potassium voltage gated channel
Database Links Click here for help
Alphafold P48547 (Hs), P15388 (Mm), P25122 (Rn)
ChEMBL Target CHEMBL5529 (Hs), CHEMBL4105978 (Mm), CHEMBL2321617 (Rn)
DrugBank Target P48547 (Hs)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000129159 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000058975 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000055401 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 3746 (Hs), 16502 (Mm), 25327 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000129159 (Hs)
KEGG Gene hsa:3746 (Hs), mmu:16502 (Mm), rno:25327 (Rn)
OMIM 176258 (Hs)
Pharos P48547 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_004976 (Hs), NM_001112739 (Mm), NM_008421 (Mm), NM_139217 (Rn), NM_012856 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_004967 (Hs), NP_032447 (Mm), NP_001106210 (Mm), NP_036988 (Rn), NP_631963 (Rn)
UniProtKB P48547 (Hs), P15388 (Mm), P25122 (Rn)
Wikipedia KCNC1 (Hs)
Functional Characteristics Click here for help
KV
Ion Selectivity and Conductance Click here for help
Species:  Mouse
Rank order:  K+ [27.0 pS] > Rb+ [25.0 pS] > Cs+ [2.7 pS] = NH4+ [2.7 pS] > Na+ [0.1 pS]
References:  3-4,7,30-31
Species:  Mouse
Macroscopic current rectification:  Rapidly Activating Delayed Rectifier Current
References:  3,30
Voltage Dependence Click here for help
  V0.5 (mV)  τ (msec)  Reference  Cell type  Species 
Activation  16.0 - 8 L929 Mouse
Inactivation  - -
  V0.5 (mV)  τ (msec)  Reference  Cell type  Species 
Activation  - - Xenopus laevis Oocytes Rat
Inactivation  - 9800.0 19
Comments  U-type inactivation also makes a major but previously unrecognised contribution to slow inactivation of Shaker [19]

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file go icon to follow link

Gating inhibitors Click here for help
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Holding voltage (mV) Reference
fluoxetine Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Rn - 6.1 pIC50 - - 1
⤷ pIC50 6.1 [1]
norfluoxetine Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Rn - 4.9 pIC50 - - 1
⤷ pIC50 4.9 [1]
Channel Blockers
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Concentration range (M) Holding voltage (mV) Reference
fampridine Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Mm - 4.5 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 4.5 (IC50 2.9x10-5 M) [8]
resiniferatoxin Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Mm - 4.3 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 4.3 [8]
diltiazem Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Mm - 4.0 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 4.0 [8]
flecainide Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Mm - 4.0 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 4.0 [8]
nifedipine Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Mm - 3.9 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 3.9 [8]
capsaicin Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Mm - 3.8 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 3.8 [8]
tetraethylammonium Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand has a PDB structure Mm - 3.7 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 3.7 (IC50 2x10-4 M) [8]
cromakalim Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Mm - 3.6 pIC50 - - 8
⤷ pIC50 3.6 [8]
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
SH-SY5Y cell line, human Louckes B cells
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  28
Anterior pituitary cells (AtT20)
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  In situ hybridisation, RT-PCR
References:  10,23
Testis, germ cell, pancreatic islets alpha cells
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  6
Mouse Lung Fibroblasts (MLF)
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Electrophysiology
References:  32
Brain (MNTB neurons > dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), ventral posterior cochlear nucleus (VCP), cerebellum, granule cells, Purkinje cells
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  In situ hybridisation
References:  34
Skeletal muscle
Species:  Rat
Technique:  In situ hybridisation, northern blot
References:  36
Brain (cerebellum > globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra > reticular thalamic nuclei, cortical and hippocampal interneurons > inferior colliculi, cochlear and vestibular nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarii, striatal GABA-ergic neurons)
Species:  Rat
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  2,16,20,27,35
Functional Assays Click here for help
Gene cloning and voltage clamp
Species:  Human
Tissue:  NIH 3T3 fibroblasts
Response measured:  Threshold of activation at approximately -10mV, showed little inactivation. It is sensitive to blockade by 4-AP and TEA, and appears to have two gating behaviours.
References:  17-18
Physiological Functions Click here for help
Important for the high-firing frequency of neurons
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Cortical neurons, globus pallidus
References:  11,23
Regulation of action potential duration in presynaptic terminals
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Presynaptic terminals
References:  13,24,29
Kv3 potassium channels control the duration of different arousal states by distinct stochastic and clock-like mechanisms
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Brain
References:  14
Regulation of action potentials and repetitive firing in fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  AtT20 cells (anterior pituitary derived)
References:  10
Kv3.1 axonal-dendritic targeting controlled by a C terminal targeting motif interacting with the channel T1 domain and Ankyrin G.
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Hippocampal neurons
References:  14
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression Click here for help
Kv3.1/ Kv3.3 double knock-out mice displayed a phenotype of severe ataxia, myoclonus and hypersensitivity to ethanol
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene knockout
References:  5
Kv3.1 knock-out mice displayed constitutively increased locomotor activity and sleep loss
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene knockout
References:  12
Kv3.1 knock-out mice displayed impaired motor skills and reduced muscle contraction force
Species:  Mouse
Tissue: 
Technique:  Gene knockout
References:  15
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Click here for help Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001393 ataxia PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001265 decreased body size PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0005534 decreased body temperature PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001262 decreased body weight PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1+|Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3+|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1+,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3+
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001262 decreased body weight PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0009751 enhanced behavioral response to alcohol PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001399 hyperactivity PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1+|Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3+|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1+,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3+
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001399 hyperactivity PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001525 impaired balance PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001405 impaired coordination PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001415 increased exploration in new environment PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1+|Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3+|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1+,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3+
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001415 increased exploration in new environment PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0005424 jerky movement PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0008569 lethality at weaning PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0000243 myoclonus PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0008489 postnatal slow weight gain PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0000745 tremors PMID: 11517255 
Kcnc1tm1Joho|Kcnc3tm1Echa Kcnc1tm1Joho/Kcnc1tm1Joho,Kcnc3tm1Echa/Kcnc3tm1Echa
involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6		 MGI:96667  MGI:96669  MP:0001263 weight loss PMID: 11517255 
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology Click here for help
Disease:  Epilepsy, progressive myoclonic 7; EPM7
Synonyms: Progressive myoclonus epilepsy [Disease Ontology: DOID:891]
Disease Ontology: DOID:891
OMIM: 616187
References:  25
Click column headers to sort
Type Species Amino acid change Nucleotide change Description Reference
Missense Human R320H 959G>A 25
Gene Expression and Pathophysiology Click here for help
mRNA expression increased in colonic carcinoma
Tissue or cell type:  Colonic cancer cells
Pathophysiology:  Colonic carcinoma
Species:  Mouse
Technique: 
References:  26
mRNA expression increased in colonic carcinoma
Tissue or cell type:  Colonic cancer cells
Pathophysiology:  Colonic carcinoma
Species:  Human
Technique: 
References:  26
Inhibition of Kv3.1 channel gene expression by chronic hypoxia
Tissue or cell type:  Distal pulmonary artery
Pathophysiology:  Chronic hypoxia
Species:  Rat
Technique: 
References:  33
Biologically Significant Variants Click here for help
Type:  Splice variant
Species:  Mouse
Description:  Kv3.1a mRNA levels may be modulated by neuronal activity.
Amino acids:  585
Nucleotide accession:  NM_001112739
Protein accession:  NP_001106210
References:  21,38
Type:  Splice variant
Species:  Rat
Description:  The Kv3.1b subunit in the soma of some interneuronal populations may support their ability to fire trains of short duration action potentials at very high rate by facilitating the recovery of Na+ channel inactivation and minimizing the duration of the afterhyperpolarization.
Amino acids:  638
Nucleotide accession:  NM_139217
Protein accession:  NP_631963
References:  2
Biologically Significant Variant Comments
Kv3.1a and Kv3.1b are differentially targeted to dendrites (Kv3.1a) and axons (Kv3.1b) [37]. Kv3.1b isoform is the most abundant and thus is the most studied isoform [9,22].
General Comments
H-ras oncogene switches anterior pituitary derived cells (AtT20) to a more neuron-like phenotype in parallel with the induction of expression of Kv3.112. It is a member of the mammalian Shaw-related family.

References

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1. Choi BH, Choi JS, Yoon SH, Rhie DJ, Min DS, Jo YH, Kim MS, Hahn SJ. (2001) Effects of norfluoxetine, the major metabolite of fluoxetine, on the cloned neuronal potassium channel Kv3.1. Neuropharmacology, 41 (4): 443-53. [PMID:11543764]

2. Dallas ML, Atkinson L, Milligan CJ, Morris NP, Lewis DI, Deuchars SA, Deuchars J. (2005) Localization and function of the Kv3.1b subunit in the rat medulla oblongata: focus on the nucleus tractus solitarii. J Physiol (Lond.), 562 (Pt 3): 655-72. [PMID:15528247]

3. De Biasi M, Drewe JA, Kirsch GE, Brown AM. (1993) Histidine substitution identifies a surface position and confers Cs+ selectivity on a K+ pore. Biophys J, 65 (3): 1235-42. [PMID:8241404]

4. DeCoursey TE, Chandy KG, Gupta S, Cahalan MD. (1984) Voltage-gated K+ channels in human T lymphocytes: a role in mitogenesis?. Nature, 307 (5950): 465-8. [PMID:6320007]

5. Espinosa F, McMahon A, Chan E, Wang S, Ho CS, Heintz N, Joho RH. (2001) Alcohol hypersensitivity, increased locomotion, and spontaneous myoclonus in mice lacking the potassium channels Kv3.1 and Kv3.3. J Neurosci, 21 (17): 6657-65. [PMID:11517255]

6. Felix R, Serrano CJ, Treviño CL, Muñoz-Garay C, Bravo A, Navarro A, Pacheco J, Tsutsumi V, Darszon A. (2002) Identification of distinct K+ channels in mouse spermatogenic cells and sperm. Zygote, 10 (2): 183-8. [PMID:12056459]

7. Grissmer S, Ghanshani S, Dethlefs B, McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Gutman GA, Cahalan MD, Chandy KG. (1992) The Shaw-related potassium channel gene, Kv3.1, on human chromosome 11, encodes the type l K+ channel in T cells. J Biol Chem, 267 (29): 20971-9. [PMID:1400413]

8. Grissmer S, Nguyen AN, Aiyar J, Hanson DC, Mather RJ, Gutman GA, Karmilowicz MJ, Auperin DD, Chandy KG. (1994) Pharmacological characterization of five cloned voltage-gated K+ channels, types Kv1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, and 3.1, stably expressed in mammalian cell lines. Mol Pharmacol, 45 (6): 1227-34. [PMID:7517498]

9. Gu Y, Barry J, McDougel R, Terman D, Gu C. (2012) Alternative splicing regulates kv3.1 polarized targeting to adjust maximal spiking frequency. J Biol Chem, 287 (3): 1755-69. [PMID:22105078]

10. Hemmick LM, Perney TM, Flamm RE, Kaczmarek LK, Birnberg NC. (1992) Expression of the H-ras oncogene induces potassium conductance and neuron-specific potassium channel mRNAs in the AtT20 cell line. J Neurosci, 12 (6): 2007-14. [PMID:1607925]

11. Hernández-Pineda R, Chow A, Amarillo Y, Moreno H, Saganich M, Vega-Saenz de Miera EC, Hernández-Cruz A, Rudy B. (1999) Kv3.1-Kv3.2 channels underlie a high-voltage-activating component of the delayed rectifier K+ current in projecting neurons from the globus pallidus. J Neurophysiol, 82 (3): 1512-28. [PMID:10482766]

12. Ho CS, Grange RW, Joho RH. (1997) Pleiotropic effects of a disrupted K+ channel gene: reduced body weight, impaired motor skill and muscle contraction, but no seizures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94 (4): 1533-8. [PMID:9037088]

13. Ishikawa T, Nakamura Y, Saitoh N, Li WB, Iwasaki S, Takahashi T. (2003) Distinct roles of Kv1 and Kv3 potassium channels at the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal. J Neurosci, 23 (32): 10445-53. [PMID:14614103]

14. Joho RH, Marks GA, Espinosa F. (2006) Kv3 potassium channels control the duration of different arousal states by distinct stochastic and clock-like mechanisms. Eur J Neurosci, 23 (6): 1567-74. [PMID:16553620]

15. Joho RH, Street C, Matsushita S, Knöpfel T. (2006) Behavioral motor dysfunction in Kv3-type potassium channel-deficient mice. Genes Brain Behav, 5 (6): 472-82. [PMID:16923152]

16. Jung DK, Lee SY, Kim D, Joo KM, Cha CI, Yang HS, Lee WB, Chung YH. (2005) Age-related changes in the distribution of Kv1.1 and Kv3.1 in rat cochlear nuclei. Neurol Res, 27 (4): 436-40. [PMID:15949244]

17. Kanemasa T, Gan L, Perney TM, Wang LY, Kaczmarek LK. (1995) Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of a mammalian Shaw channel expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. J Neurophysiol, 74 (1): 207-17. [PMID:7472324]

18. Kirsch GE, Drewe JA. (1993) Gating-dependent mechanism of 4-aminopyridine block in two related potassium channels. J Gen Physiol, 102 (5): 797-816. [PMID:8301258]

19. Klemic KG, Kirsch GE, Jones SW. (2001) U-type inactivation of Kv3.1 and Shaker potassium channels. Biophys J, 81 (2): 814-26. [PMID:11463627]

20. Lenz S, Perney TM, Qin Y, Robbins E, Chesselet MF. (1994) GABA-ergic interneurons of the striatum express the Shaw-like potassium channel Kv3.1. Synapse, 18 (1): 55-66. [PMID:7825124]

21. Liu SJ, Kaczmarek LK. (1998) The expression of two splice variants of the Kv3.1 potassium channel gene is regulated by different signaling pathways. J Neurosci, 18 (8): 2881-90. [PMID:9526005]

22. Luneau CJ, Williams JB, Marshall J, Levitan ES, Oliva C, Smith JS, Antanavage J, Folander K, Stein RB, Swanson R et al.. (1991) Alternative splicing contributes to K+ channel diversity in the mammalian central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88 (9): 3932-6. [PMID:2023941]

23. Massengill JL, Smith MA, Son DI, O'Dowd DK. (1997) Differential expression of K4-AP currents and Kv3.1 potassium channel transcripts in cortical neurons that develop distinct firing phenotypes. J Neurosci, 17 (9): 3136-47. [PMID:9096148]

24. McKay BE, Turner RW. (2004) Kv3 K+ channels enable burst output in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells. Eur J Neurosci, 20 (3): 729-39. [PMID:15255983]

25. Muona M, Berkovic SF, Dibbens LM, Oliver KL, Maljevic S, Bayly MA, Joensuu T, Canafoglia L, Franceschetti S, Michelucci R et al.. (2015) A recurrent de novo mutation in KCNC1 causes progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Nat Genet, 47 (1): 39-46. [PMID:25401298]

26. Ousingsawat J, Spitzner M, Puntheeranurak S, Terracciano L, Tornillo L, Bubendorf L, Kunzelmann K, Schreiber R. (2007) Expression of voltage-gated potassium channels in human and mouse colonic carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res, 13 (3): 824-31. [PMID:17289873]

27. Perney TM, Marshall J, Martin KA, Hockfield S, Kaczmarek LK. (1992) Expression of the mRNAs for the Kv3.1 potassium channel gene in the adult and developing rat brain. J Neurophysiol, 68 (3): 756-66. [PMID:1432046]

28. Plant LD, Boyle JP, Thomas NM, Hipkins NJ, Benedikz E, Hooper NM, Henderson Z, Vaughan PF, Peers C, Cowburn RF, Pearson HA. (2002) Presenilin-1 mutations alter K+ currents in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Neuroreport, 13 (12): 1553-6. [PMID:12218704]

29. Sacco T, De Luca A, Tempia F. (2006) Properties and expression of Kv3 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Mol Cell Neurosci, 33 (2): 170-9. [PMID:16949837]

30. Shapiro MS, DeCoursey TE. (1991) Permeant ion effects on the gating kinetics of the type L potassium channel in mouse lymphocytes. J Gen Physiol, 97 (6): 1251-78. [PMID:1875189]

31. Shapiro MS, DeCoursey TE. (1991) Selectivity and gating of the type L potassium channel in mouse lymphocytes. J Gen Physiol, 97 (6): 1227-50. [PMID:1875188]

32. Shumilina E, Lampert A, Lupescu A, Myssina S, Strutz-Seebohm N, Henke G, Grahammer F, Wulff P, Kuhl D, Lang F. (2005) Deranged Kv channel regulation in fibroblasts from mice lacking the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1. J Cell Physiol, 204 (1): 87-98. [PMID:15605386]

33. Wang J, Weigand L, Wang W, Sylvester JT, Shimoda LA. (2005) Chronic hypoxia inhibits Kv channel gene expression in rat distal pulmonary artery. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 288 (6): L1049-58. [PMID:15665041]

34. Wang LY, Gan L, Forsythe ID, Kaczmarek LK. (1998) Contribution of the Kv3.1 potassium channel to high-frequency firing in mouse auditory neurones. J Physiol (Lond.), 509 ( Pt 1): 183-94. [PMID:9547392]

35. Weiser M, Bueno E, Sekirnjak C, Martone ME, Baker H, Hillman D, Chen S, Thornhill W, Ellisman M, Rudy B. (1995) The potassium channel subunit KV3.1b is localized to somatic and axonal membranes of specific populations of CNS neurons. J Neurosci, 15 (6): 4298-314. [PMID:7790912]

36. Weiser M, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Kentros C, Moreno H, Franzen L, Hillman D, Baker H, Rudy B. (1994) Differential expression of Shaw-related K+ channels in the rat central nervous system. J Neurosci, 14 (3 Pt 1): 949-72. [PMID:8120636]

37. Xu M, Cao R, Xiao R, Zhu MX, Gu C. (2007) The axon-dendrite targeting of Kv3 (Shaw) channels is determined by a targeting motif that associates with the T1 domain and ankyrin G. J Neurosci, 27 (51): 14158-70. [PMID:18094255]

38. Yokoyama S, Imoto K, Kawamura T, Higashida H, Iwabe N, Miyata T, Numa S. (1989) Potassium channels from NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells. Primary structure and functional expression from cDNAs. FEBS Lett, 259 (1): 37-42. [PMID:2599109]

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