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GPR17

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Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 88

Nomenclature: GPR17

Family: Class A Orphans

This receptor has a proposed ligand; see the Latest Pairings page for more information.

Contents:

Gene and Protein Information Click here for help
class A G protein-coupled receptor
Species TM AA Chromosomal Location Gene Symbol Gene Name Reference
Human 7 367 2q14.3 GPR17 G protein-coupled receptor 17 3
Mouse 7 339 18 Gpr17 G protein-coupled receptor 17 20
Rat 7 339 18p12 Gpr17 G protein-coupled receptor 17
Previous and Unofficial Names Click here for help
P2Y-like receptor | UDP/CysLT receptor | R12 | uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor
Database Links Click here for help
Specialist databases
GPCRdb gpr17_human (Hs), gpr17_mouse (Mm), gpr17_rat (Rn)
Other databases
Alphafold Q13304 (Hs), Q6NS65 (Mm), Q09QM4 (Rn)
ChEMBL Target CHEMBL1075162 (Hs), CHEMBL4295864 (Mm), CHEMBL4295807 (Rn)
Ensembl Gene ENSG00000144230 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000052229 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000065480 (Rn)
Entrez Gene 2840 (Hs), 574402 (Mm), 767613 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas ENSG00000144230 (Hs)
KEGG Gene hsa:2840 (Hs), mmu:574402 (Mm), rno:767613 (Rn)
OMIM 603071 (Hs)
Pharos Q13304 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide NM_005291 (Hs), NM_001025381 (Mm), NM_001071777 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein NP_005282 (Hs), NP_001020552 (Mm), NP_001065245 (Rn)
UniProtKB Q13304 (Hs), Q6NS65 (Mm), Q09QM4 (Rn)
Wikipedia GPR17 (Hs)
Natural/Endogenous Ligands Click here for help
ATP
LTC4
LTD4
LTE4
UDP
UDP-galactose
UDP-glucose
cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLTs), uracil nucleotides
Comments: Proposed ligands, single publication

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file go icon to follow link

Agonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
ASN02563583 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 10.0 pEC50 13
⤷ pEC50 10.0 (EC50 1.09x10-10 M) [13]
ASN04885796 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 10.0 pEC50 13
⤷ pEC50 10.0 (EC50 1.09x10-10 M) [13]
ASN06917370 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 9.6 pEC50 13
⤷ pEC50 9.6 (EC50 2.68x10-10 M) [13]
LTE4 Small molecule or natural product Ligand is endogenous in the given species Mm Agonist 9.5 pEC50 20
⤷ pEC50 9.5 (EC50 3.1x10-10 M) [20]
LTD4 Small molecule or natural product Ligand is endogenous in the given species Mm Agonist 9.2 pEC50 20
⤷ pEC50 9.2 (EC50 6.3x10-10 M) [20]
LTC4 Small molecule or natural product Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Mm Agonist 9.1 pEC50 20
⤷ pEC50 9.1 (EC50 7.4x10-10 M) [20]
ASN04450772 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 8.9 pEC50 13
⤷ pEC50 8.9 (EC50 1.18x10-9 M) [13]
LTC4 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 7.8 – 9.5 pEC50 9
⤷ pEC50 7.8 – 9.5 (EC50 1.48x10-8 – 3.3x10-10 M) [9]
Description: [35S]GTPγS binding to 1321N1 cell membranes expressing hGPR17.
ASN04421891 Small molecule or natural product Hs Agonist 8.4 pEC50 13
⤷ pEC50 8.4 (EC50 3.67x10-9 M) [13]
LTD4 Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Hs Agonist 8.1 – 8.4 pEC50 9
⤷ pEC50 8.1 – 8.4 (EC50 7.2x10-9 – 4.4x10-9 M) [9]
Description: [35S]GTPγS binding to COS-7 cell membranes expressing hGPR17.
UDP-glucose Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 5.9 – 9.5 pEC50 2,9
⤷ pEC50 5.9 – 9.5 (EC50 1.2x10-6 – 3x10-10 M) [2,9]
Description: [35S]GTPγS binding to 1321N1 cell membranes expressing hGPR17.
UDP-galactose Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 6.0 – 8.9 pEC50 2,9
⤷ pEC50 6.0 – 8.9 (EC50 1.1x10-6 – 1.2x10-9 M) [2,9]
Description: [35S]GTPγS binding to 1321N1 cell membranes expressing hGPR17.
ATP Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 7.4 pEC50 5
⤷ pEC50 7.4 (EC50 3.7x10-8 M) [5]
UDP Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Hs Agonist 6.0 – 8.8 pEC50 2,9
⤷ pEC50 6.0 – 8.8 (EC50 1.06x10-6 – 1.6x10-9 M) [2,9]
Description: [35S]GTPγS binding to 1321N1 cell membranes expressing hGPR17.
UDP-galactose Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Mm Agonist 7.2 pEC50 20
⤷ pEC50 7.2 (EC50 6.8x10-8 M) [20]
UDP-glucose Small molecule or natural product Click here for species-specific activity table Ligand is endogenous in the given species Ligand has a PDB structure Mm Agonist 7.1 – 7.3 pEC50 20
⤷ pEC50 7.1 – 7.3 (EC50 8.8x10-8 – 5.5x10-8 M) [20]
View species-specific agonist tables
Agonist Comments
GPR17 is phylogenetically related to the nucleotide (P2Y) and cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) receptors [15] and may provide an ancestral link between the two families. Both CysLTs (with EC50 values in the nanomolar range) and uracil nucleotides (EC50 in the micromolar range) have been reported to activate GPR17, leading to both adenylyl cyclase inhibition and intracellular calcium increases [9]. Benned-Jensen and Rosenkilde [2] confirmed the activation of GPR17 by uracil nucleotides but were unable to demonstrate activation or binding by CysLTs. A third group [22] was not able to demonstrate activation of GPR17 by either UDP-glucose or CysLTs and instead proposed that GPR17 functions as a negative regulator of the CysLT1 receptor response to leukotriene D4. Others have also reported GPR17 does not respond to the cysteinyl leukotrienes LTC3 and LTC4 [17,31]. In five different cell lines Qi et al. [27] found no evidence for uracil nucleotides and CysLTs activating GPR17 measured by inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation nor did the compounds promote receptor internalization [27]. The authors concluded that UDP, UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and LTC4 are not the cognate ligands of GPR17. In agreement with [22] they also found in co-expression experiments of GPR17 CysLTR1, GPR17 acts as a negative regulator of CysLTR1. In addition, they also reported decreased expression. In signaling pathway-unbiased screen using cells expressing GPR17, Hennen et al. [18] (see also a commentary by Harden [16]) also found no agonist action of uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl leukotrienes but identified a small molecule agonist of GPR17, MDL29951. In a functional assay, they used MDL29951 as a surrogate agonist and diminished myelination in primary oligodendrocytes isolated from heterozygous mice but the compound as expected had no effect on myelination in oligodendrocytes from GPR17 knockout mice. Thus the majority of studies have failed to reproduce the pairings, suggesting the endogenous ligand for GPR17 remains to be discovered. For further discussion, see [12].
Antagonists
Key to terms and symbols View all chemical structures Click column headers to sort
Ligand Sp. Action Value Parameter Reference
cangrelor Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Mm Antagonist 8.9 pIC50 20
⤷ pIC50 8.9 (IC50 1.2x10-9 M) [20]
montelukast Small molecule or natural product Approved drug Ligand has a PDB structure Immunopharmacology Ligand Mm Antagonist 7.2 pIC50 20
⤷ pIC50 7.2 (IC50 6.1x10-8 M) [20]
Allosteric Modulator Comments
Activation of GPR17 by UDP-glucose induced a partial heterologous desensitization of LTD4-mediated responses, suggesting that nucleotides have a hierarchy in producing desensitizing signals and that there is functional cross-talk between purinergic and CysLT ligands at GPR17 [11].
Immuno Process Associations
Immuno Process:  Cytokine production & signalling
Immuno Process:  Chemotaxis & migration
Immuno Process:  Inflammation
Immuno Process:  Immune regulation
Primary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
Gi/Go family Adenylyl cyclase inhibition
Comments:  The signaling pathway of GPR17 involves the generation of outward K+ currents, protective against neuronal hyperexcitability and resultant injury [25]. Both short and long receptor isoforms have been demonstrated to be constitutively active through Gi [2].
References:  5,9,25
Secondary Transduction Mechanisms Click here for help
Transducer Effector/Response
Gq/G11 family Phospholipase C stimulation
Comments:  GPR17 is mainly coupled to Gi proteins and, to a minor extent, to the Gq protein subtype.
References:  9,25
Tissue Distribution Click here for help
Brain
Species:  Human
Technique:  Northern blot
References:  3
Brain, heart, kidney, umbilical vein endothelial cells
Species:  Human
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  9
Brain, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  4,20
Spinal cord (oligodendrocytes, neurons, ependymal cells)
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  7
CD11+ dendritic cells
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  19
Central nervous system in cells of oligodendrocyte lineage only (absent from Olig1 null brains)
Species:  Mouse
Technique:  Northern blot
References:  6,8
Brain, heart, kidney
Species:  Rat
Technique:  RT-PCR
References:  9
Monocytes
Species:  None
Technique:  Immunohistochemistry
References:  22
Tissue Distribution Comments
GPR17 is expressed in a subset of neurons in the parenchyma (NG2+/Olig2+ precursor cells - quiescent pre-oligodendrocytes) and neurogenic areas (non-proliferating, nestin−, GFAP− and DCX− cells of yet undefined nature) identified by immunohistochemistry [20]. GPR17 is a marker of (i) morphologically immature cells and (ii) ramified pre-oligodendrocytes [14]. After spinal cord injury, or focal cerebral ischaemia, GPR17 expression is induced in a population of proliferating microglial/macrophage cells in the lesioned area [7,32]. There is an age-dependent reduction of GPR17 expression, confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses [8]. The short isoform (hGPR17-S) is expressed more abundantly in the brain than the long isoform (hGPR17-L), whereas the opposite was observed in heart and kidney, quantified by RT-PCR [2]. A GPR17 polyclonal antibody with high sensitivity and specificity, and can be used in Western blot for detecting GPR17 has been described [28].
Expression Datasets Click here for help

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Log average relative transcript abundance in mouse tissues measured by qPCR from Regard, J.B., Sato, I.T., and Coughlin, S.R. (2008). Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. Cell, 135(3): 561-71. [PMID:18984166] [Raw data: website]

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Functional Assays Click here for help
Expression of Gpr17 is elevated by mTOR inhibition
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Response measured:  Inhibition of differentiation
References:  30
Intracerebroventricular injection of Gpr17 agonists induces food intake
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Agouti-related peptide neurons
Response measured:  Increased food intake and Weight gain
References:  29
GPR17 is transiently upregulated in neurons 24 hours post ischaemic insult in parallel with the appearance of the cellular stress marker HSP70. At 48–72 hours GPR17 is expressed in microglia/macrophages infiltrating the injured area and GPR17+ oligodendrocyte progenitors in the peri-lesion proliferate and mature
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Brain
Response measured:  Oligodendrocyte differentiation and macrophage receptor expression
References:  20
Susceptibility of oligodendrocytes to ATP-induced cell death is influenced by GPR17 expression
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Oligodendrocytes
Response measured:  Growth factors reduce GPR17 expression increasing ATP-stimulated cell death
References:  6
Inhibition of intracellular cAMP formation
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  NG2+ oligodendrocyte precursor cells
Response measured:  Inhibition of intracellular cAMP formation
References:  14
GPR17 is specifically induced in phaeocromocytoma cells by a 10 day-treatment with NGF. Both UDP-glucose and LTD4 induce a significant pro-survival effect on PC12 cells after priming with NGF
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  phaeocromocytoma cells
Response measured:  neurite outgrowth, differentiation and elongation
References:  10
GPR17 ligands activate the intracellular phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and p38 kinases in phaeocromocytoma cells
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  phaeocromocytoma cells
Response measured:  Differentiation
References:  10
Functional Assay Comments
The eukaryotic expression vector of rat Gpr17 can be functionally expressed in HEK293 cells [21].
Physiological Functions Click here for help
Activation of GPR17 by endogenous ligands promotes progression of pre-oligodendrocytes along their differentiation pathway
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Brain
References:  8,20
GPR17 is induced in sulphate proteoglycan NG2-expressing cells at postacute stages after injury
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  oligodendrocyte precursors (CNS)
References:  4
GPR17 induction participates in the response to traumatic injuries at postacute stages and to chronic pathology
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  NG2+ cells (CNS)
References:  4
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression Click here for help
Receptor knockdown attenuated neurological dysfunction, infarction, brain atrophy, neuron loss, and microglial activation at 14 days after reperfusion following focal cerebral ischaemia
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Brain
Technique:  RNA interference
References:  32
Receptor knockout causes increased pulmonary inflammatory and serum IgE responses, induced by house dust mites
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung
Technique:  Gene Knockout
References:  22
GPR17 knockout mice display early onset of oligodendrocyte myelination
Species:  None
Tissue:  Oligodendrocytes
Technique:  Gene knockout
References:  26
In vivo receptor knockdown prevents evolution of ischemic infarct
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Brain
Technique:  Antisense oligonucleotides
References:  20
GPR17 silencing in bone marrow derived macrophages increased CysLT1 receptor expression and function.
Species:  Mouse
Tissue:  Bone marrow derived macrophages
Technique:  RNA interference
References:  22
GPR17 overexpression inhibited oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation, causing generalised tremors, paralysis and seizures, and a CNS specific deficiency in myelinogenesis.
Species:  None
Tissue:  Oligodendrocyte
Technique:  Gene over-expression
References:  23
In vivo knockdown of GPR17 prevents evolution of ischemic brain damage
Species:  Rat
Tissue:  Brain
Technique:  Antisense oligonucleotides
References:  9
In vivo knock down of GPR17 during spinal cord injury induction markedly reduced tissue damage and related histological and motor deficits suggesting a spatiotemporal-dependent role for GPR17 in spinal chord injury
Species:  None
Tissue:  Spinal cord (oligodendrocytes, macrophages, microglia)
Technique:  Knockdown
References:  7
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models Click here for help Mouse data from MGI

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Allele Composition & genetic background Accession Phenotype Id Phenotype Reference
Gpr17tm1Qrlu Gpr17tm1Qrlu/Gpr17tm1Qrlu
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6		 MGI:3584514  MP:0000920 abnormal myelination PMID: 19838178 
Gpr17tm1Qrlu Gpr17tm1Qrlu/Gpr17tm1Qrlu
involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6		 MGI:3584514  MP:0000953 abnormal oligodendrocyte morphology PMID: 19838178 
Gpr17tm1Dgen Gpr17tm1Dgen/Gpr17tm1Dgen
B6.129-Gpr17		 MGI:3584514  MP:0003070 increased vascular permeability PMID: 19561298 
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology Click here for help
Disease:  Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Synonyms: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia [Orphanet: ORPHA67038]
Chronic lymphatic leukemia
Chronic lymphoid leukemia
Disease Ontology: DOID:1040
OMIM: 151400
Orphanet: ORPHA67038
Comments:  GPR17 expression associated with unfavorable 11q23 deletion and Binet stages B and C in chronic lymphoid leukemia.
References:  1
Disease:  Ischemia
Disease Ontology: DOID:326
Comments:  Forty-eight hours after ischemia, in the cortex of ischemic rats, GPR17-immunoreactivity was markedly increased both within, and at the borders of the ischemic infarct.
References:  9
Disease:  Multiple sclerosis
Disease Ontology: DOID:2377
OMIM: 126200
Orphanet: ORPHA802
Role:  GPR17 upregulation appears to be associated with demyelinating lesions induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
References:  8
Biologically Significant Variant Comments
Genomic analysis revealed two putative open reading frames encoding for a "short" and a "long" receptor isoform of 339- and 367-amino acids, respectively, with the latter displaying a 28-amino acid longer NH2 terminus. The long isoform is expressed in the human brain (frontal cortex, striatum, brain stem) only, and binds to the same ligands [25].
General Comments
Molecular modeling and dynamics studies of the 3-D structure and purinergic ligand binding features in comparison with P2Y receptors have been conducted [24].

References

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1. Aalto Y, El-Rifa W, Vilpo L, Ollila J, Nagy B, Vihinen M, Vilpo J, Knuutila S. (2001) Distinct gene expression profiling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 11q23 deletion. Leukemia, 15 (11): 1721-8. [PMID:11681413]

2. Benned-Jensen T, Rosenkilde MM. (2010) Distinct expression and ligand-binding profiles of two constitutively active GPR17 splice variants. Br J Pharmacol, 159 (5): 1092-105. [PMID:20148890]

3. Bläsius R, Weber RG, Lichter P, Ogilvie A. (1998) A novel orphan G protein-coupled receptor primarily expressed in the brain is localized on human chromosomal band 2q21. J Neurochem, 70 (4): 1357-65. [PMID:9523551]

4. Boda E, Viganò F, Rosa P, Fumagalli M, Labat-Gest V, Tempia F, Abbracchio MP, Dimou L, Buffo A. (2011) The GPR17 receptor in NG2 expressing cells: Focus on in vivocell maturation and participation in acute trauma and chronic damage. Glia, 59 (12): 1958-73. [PMID:21956849]

5. Buccioni M, Marucci G, Dal Ben D, Giacobbe D, Lambertucci C, Soverchia L, Thomas A, Volpini R, Cristalli G. (2011) Innovative functional cAMP assay for studying G protein-coupled receptors: application to the pharmacological characterization of GPR17. Purinergic Signal, 7 (4): 463-8. [PMID:21773766]

6. Ceruti S, Viganò F, Boda E, Ferrario S, Magni G, Boccazzi M, Rosa P, Buffo A, Abbracchio MP. (2011) Expression of the new P2Y-like receptor GPR17 during oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation regulates sensitivity to ATP-induced death. Glia, 59 (3): 363-78. [PMID:21264945]

7. Ceruti S, Villa G, Genovese T, Mazzon E, Longhi R, Rosa P, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S, Abbracchio MP. (2009) The P2Y-like receptor GPR17 as a sensor of damage and a new potential target in spinal cord injury. Brain, 132 (Pt 8): 2206-18. [PMID:19528093]

8. Chen Y, Wu H, Wang S, Koito H, Li J, Ye F, Hoang J, Escobar SS, Gow A, Arnett HA, Trapp BD, Karandikar NJ, Hsieh J, Lu QR. (2009) The oligodendrocyte-specific G protein-coupled receptor GPR17 is a cell-intrinsic timer of myelination. Nat Neurosci, 12 (11): 1398-406. [PMID:19838178]

9. Ciana P, Fumagalli M, Trincavelli ML, Verderio C, Rosa P, Lecca D, Ferrario S, Parravicini C, Capra V, Gelosa P, Guerrini U, Belcredito S, Cimino M, Sironi L, Tremoli E, Rovati GE, Martini C, Abbracchio MP. (2006) The orphan receptor GPR17 identified as a new dual uracil nucleotides/cysteinyl-leukotrienes receptor. EMBO J, 25 (19): 4615-27. [PMID:16990797]

10. Daniele S, Lecca D, Trincavelli ML, Ciampi O, Abbracchio MP, Martini C. (2010) Regulation of PC12 cell survival and differentiation by the new P2Y-like receptor GPR17. Cell Signal, 22 (4): 697-706. [PMID:20056144]

11. Daniele S, Trincavelli ML, Gabelloni P, Lecca D, Rosa P, Abbracchio MP, Martini C. (2011) Agonist-induced desensitization/resensitization of human G protein-coupled receptor 17: a functional cross-talk between purinergic and cysteinyl-leukotriene ligands. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 338 (2): 559-67. [PMID:21531793]

12. Davenport AP, Alexander SP, Sharman JL, Pawson AJ, Benson HE, Monaghan AE, Liew WC, Mpamhanga CP, Bonner TI, Neubig RR et al.. (2013) International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXXVIII. G protein-coupled receptor list: recommendations for new pairings with cognate ligands. Pharmacol Rev, 65 (3): 967-86. [PMID:23686350]

13. Eberini I, Daniele S, Parravicini C, Sensi C, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Abbracchio MP. (2011) In silico identification of new ligands for GPR17: a promising therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases. J Comput Aided Mol Des, 25 (8): 743-52. [PMID:21744154]

14. Fumagalli M, Daniele S, Lecca D, Lee PR, Parravicini C, Fields RD, Rosa P, Antonucci F, Verderio C, Trincavelli ML et al.. (2011) Phenotypic changes, signaling pathway, and functional correlates of GPR17-expressing neural precursor cells during oligodendrocyte differentiation. J Biol Chem, 286 (12): 10593-604. [PMID:21209081]

15. Gloriam DE, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. (2007) The G protein-coupled receptor subset of the rat genome. BMC Genomics, 8: 338. [PMID:17892602]

16. Harden TK. (2013) Enigmatic GPCR finds a stimulating drug. Sci Signal, 6 (298): pe34. [PMID:24150253]

17. Heise CE, O'Dowd BF, Figueroa DJ, Sawyer N, Nguyen T, Im DS, Stocco R, Bellefeuille JN, Abramovitz M, Cheng R et al.. (2000) Characterization of the human cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor. J Biol Chem, 275 (39): 30531-6. [PMID:10851239]

18. Hennen S, Wang H, Peters L, Merten N, Simon K, Spinrath A, Blättermann S, Akkari R, Schrage R, Schröder R et al.. (2013) Decoding signaling and function of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR17 with a small-molecule agonist. Sci Signal, 6 (298): ra93. [PMID:24150254]

19. Itagaki K, Barton BE, Murphy TF, Taheri S, Shu P, Huang H, Jordan ML. (2011) Eicosanoid-induced store-operated calcium entry in dendritic cells. J Surg Res, 169 (2): 301-10. [PMID:20080257]

20. Lecca D, Trincavelli ML, Gelosa P, Sironi L, Ciana P, Fumagalli M, Villa G, Verderio C, Grumelli C, Guerrini U, Tremoli E, Rosa P, Cuboni S, Martini C, Buffo A, Cimino M, Abbracchio MP. (2008) The recently identified P2Y-like receptor GPR17 is a sensor of brain damage and a new target for brain repair. PLoS ONE, 3 (10): e3579. [PMID:18974869]

21. Lin KN, Fang SH, Cai BL, Wang XX, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Wei EQ. (2009) [Construction and identification of eukaryotic expression vector of rat GPR17 gene]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 38 (6): 584-90. [PMID:20014483]

22. Maekawa A, Balestrieri B, Austen KF, Kanaoka Y. (2009) GPR17 is a negative regulator of the cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor response to leukotriene D4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106 (28): 11685-90. [PMID:19561298]

23. Malicki K, Malicka E, Bańbura MW, Niemiałtowski M, Ladyńska A. (1990) Electron microscopy, immune electron microscopy, enzyme immunoassay and immunofluorescent evaluation of rotaviruses isolated from individual calves and piglets. Acta Virol, 34 (6): 523-8. [PMID:1983178]

24. Parravicini C, Ranghino G, Abbracchio MP, Fantucci P. (2008) GPR17: molecular modeling and dynamics studies of the 3-D structure and purinergic ligand binding features in comparison with P2Y receptors. BMC Bioinformatics, 9: 263. [PMID:18533035]

25. Pugliese AM, Trincavelli ML, Lecca D, Coppi E, Fumagalli M, Ferrario S, Failli P, Daniele S, Martini C, Pedata F, Abbracchio MP. (2009) Functional characterization of two isoforms of the P2Y-like receptor GPR17: [35S]GTPgammaS binding and electrophysiological studies in 1321N1 cells. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol, 297 (4): C1028-40. [PMID:19625605]

26. Pukhlik BM, Mzaiĕk V, Zaikov SV. (1991) [Clinico-immunological characteristics of drug allergy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. Probl Tuberk, (6): 46-7. [PMID:1838178]

27. Qi AD, Harden TK, Nicholas RA. (2013) Is GPR17 a P2Y/leukotriene receptor? examination of uracil nucleotides, nucleotide sugars, and cysteinyl leukotrienes as agonists of GPR17. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 347 (1): 38-46. [PMID:23908386]

28. QI LL, LU YB, SHI WZ, ZHAO CZ, ZHANG YM, CHEN LP, ZHANG LH, FANG SH, BAO JF, SHEN JG, WEI EQ. (2009) [Preparation and identification of a polyclonal antibody against novel cysteinyl leukotriene receptor GPR17]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 38 (4): 357-61. [PMID:19693972]

29. Ren H, Orozco IJ, Su Y, Suyama S, Gutiérrez-Juárez R, Horvath TL, Wardlaw SL, Plum L, Arancio O, Accili D. (2012) FoxO1 Target Gpr17 Activates AgRP Neurons to Regulate Food Intake. Cell, 149 (6): 1314-26. [PMID:22682251]

30. Tyler WA, Jain MR, Cifelli SE, Li Q, Ku L, Feng Y, Li H, Wood TL. (2011) Proteomic identification of novel targets regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway during oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia, 59 (11): 1754-69. [PMID:21858874]

31. Wunder F, Tinel H, Kast R, Geerts A, Becker EM, Kolkhof P, Hütter J, Ergüden J, Härter M. (2010) Pharmacological characterization of the first potent and selective antagonist at the cysteinyl leukotriene 2 (CysLT(2)) receptor. Br J Pharmacol, 160 (2): 399-409. [PMID:20423349]

32. Zhao B, Zhao CZ, Zhang XY, Huang XQ, Shi WZ, Fang SH, Lu YB, Zhang WP, Xia Q, Wei EQ. (2012) The new P2Y-like receptor G protein-coupled receptor 17 mediates acute neuronal injury and late microgliosis after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience, 202: 42-57. [PMID:22155652]

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