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Unless otherwise stated all data on this page refer to the human proteins. Gene information is provided for human (Hs), mouse (Mm) and rat (Rn).
The cell-surface Na+/K+-ATPase is an integral membrane protein which regulates the membrane potential of the cell by maintaining gradients of Na+ and K+ ions across the plasma membrane, also making a small, direct contribution to membrane potential, particularly in cardiac cells. For every molecule of ATP hydrolysed, the Na+/K+-ATPase extrudes three Na+ ions and imports two K+ ions. The active transporter is a heteromultimer with incompletely defined stoichiometry, possibly as tetramers of heterodimers, each consisting of one of four large, ten TM domain catalytic α subunits and one of three smaller, single TM domain glycoprotein β-subunits (see table). Additional protein partners known as FXYD proteins (e.g. FXYD2, P54710) appear to associate with and regulate the activity of the pump.
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit α-1
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sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit α-2 Show summary » |
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit α-3 Show summary » |
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit α-4 Show summary » |
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit β-1 Show summary » |
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit β-2 Show summary » |
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit β-3 Show summary » |
FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 Show summary » |
sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit γ
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FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 3 Show summary » |
Database page citation:
Na+/K+-ATPases. Accessed on 18/06/2025. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=158.
Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:
Alexander SPH, Fabbro D, Kelly E, Mathie AA, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Davies JA et al. (2023) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023/24: Transporters. Br J Pharmacol. 180 Suppl 2:S374-469.
Na+/K+-ATPases are inhibited by ouabain, and cardiac glycosides such as digoxin, as well as potentially endogenous cardiotonic steroids [1].