Thyroid hormone receptor-β

Target not currently curated in GtoImmuPdb

Target id: 589

Nomenclature: Thyroid hormone receptor-β

Systematic Nomenclature: NR1A2

Family: 1A. Thyroid hormone receptors

Gene and Protein Information
Previous and Unofficial Names
Database Links
Selected 3D Structures
Natural/Endogenous Ligands
Rank order lists
Agonists
Antagonists
DNA Binding
Co-binding Partners
Main Co-regulators
Main Target Genes
Tissue Distribution
Functional Assays
Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression
Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models
Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology
Biologically Significant Variants
References
Contributors
How to cite this page

Gene and Protein Information
Species	AA	Chromosomal Location	Gene Symbol	Gene Name	Reference
Human	461	3p24.2	THRB	thyroid hormone receptor beta	30
Mouse	461	14 A2	Thrb	thyroid hormone receptor beta	33
Rat	461	15p16	Thrb	thyroid hormone receptor beta	29

Previous and Unofficial Names
THR1 \| THRB1 \| THRB2 \| erbA2 \| THRB \| NR1A2 \| c-erbA-2 \| nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group A member 2 \| T3rec \| c-erbAbeta \| T3Rbeta \| TR beta \| thyroid hormone receptor, beta

Previous and Unofficial Names

Database Links
Alphafold	P10828 (Hs), P37242 (Mm), P18113 (Rn)
CATH/Gene3D	3.30.50.10
ChEMBL Target	CHEMBL1947 (Hs), CHEMBL3917 (Rn)
DrugBank Target	P10828 (Hs)
Ensembl Gene	ENSG00000151090 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000021779 (Mm), ENSRNOG00000006649 (Rn)
Entrez Gene	7068 (Hs), 21834 (Mm), 24831 (Rn)
Human Protein Atlas	ENSG00000151090 (Hs)
KEGG Gene	hsa:7068 (Hs), mmu:21834 (Mm), rno:24831 (Rn)
OMIM	190160 (Hs)
Orphanet	ORPHA120101 (Hs)
Pharos	P10828 (Hs)
RefSeq Nucleotide	NM_001128177 (Hs), NM_001113417 (Mm), NM_009380 (Mm), NM_012672 (Rn)
RefSeq Protein	NP_000452 (Hs), NP_001121648 (Hs), NP_033406 (Mm), NP_036804 (Rn)
SynPHARM	6267 (in complex with KB-141) 6266 (in complex with sobetirome) 6265 (in complex with tiratricol) 6269 (in complex with triiodothyronine) 6268 (in complex with T₄)
UniProtKB	P10828 (Hs), P37242 (Mm), P18113 (Rn)
Wikipedia	THRB (Hs)

Selected 3D Structures

Image of receptor 3D structure from RCSB PDB

Description:	Thyroid hormone receptor-β (Ligand Binding Domain) - cocrystallised with agonist
PDB Id:	3JZC
Ligand:	tiratricol
Resolution:	2.5Å
Species:	Human
References:	20

Description:	Thyroid receptor beta - in complex with inhibitor of cofactor recruitment
PDB Id:	2PIN
Resolution:	2.3Å
Species:	Human
References:	7

Natural/Endogenous Ligands
T₄
triiodothyronine
Comments: Triiodothyronine is the more potent endogenous ligand

Rank order of potency (Human)
triiodothyronine > T₄

Rank order of potency (Human)

triiodothyronine > T₄

Download all structure-activity data for this target as a CSV file go icon to follow link

Agonists

Key to terms and symbols

View all chemical structures

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Ligand		Sp.	Action	Value	Parameter	Reference
tiratricol		Hs	Agonist	10.7	pK_d	24
⤷	pK_d 10.7 [24]
sobetirome		Hs	Agonist	10.2	pK_d	5,26
⤷	pK_d 10.2 [5,26]
triiodothyronine		Hs	Agonist	10.1	pK_d	23
⤷	pK_d 10.1 [23]
rT₃		Hs	Agonist	7.3	pK_d	24
⤷	pK_d 7.3 [24]
VK2809		Hs	Agonist	8.5	pK_i	2
⤷	pK_i 8.5 (K_i 2.95x10^-9 M) [2] Description: Binding affinity for human THRβ
compound 16g [PMID: 35507418]		Hs	Agonist	7.7	pEC₅₀	18
⤷	pEC₅₀ 7.7 (EC₅₀ 2.1x10^-8 M) [18]
resmetirom		Hs	Agonist	6.7	pEC₅₀	16
⤷	pEC₅₀ 6.7 (EC₅₀ 2.1x10^-7 M) [16] Description: Determined in a cell free coactivator recruitment assay
KB-141		Hs	Agonist	9.0	pIC₅₀	11
⤷	pIC₅₀ 9.0 [11]
T₄		Hs	Agonist	8.5	pIC₅₀	24
⤷	pIC₅₀ 8.5 [24]
dextrothyroxine		Hs	Agonist	-	-	3
⤷	[3]

Antagonists

Key to terms and symbols

View all chemical structures

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Ligand											Sp.	Action	Value	Parameter	Reference
NH-3											Hs	Antagonist	7.0	pK_d	23
⤷	pK_d 7.0 [23]

Antagonist Comments

NH-3 is relatively selective for TRa1 [23].

DNA Binding

Structure:	Homodimer, Heterodimer, RXR partner
HRE core sequence:	AGGTCA
Response element:	DR4, Palindrome
References:	6

DNA Binding Comments

Unlike TRα1, TRβ1 is unable to bind as monomer and can form more stable homodimers. For both receptors, RXR heterodimerization seems to be the favoured configuration, at least on DR4 [6]. The size of rat TRβ1 protein appears to be false when calculated from several genebank references.

Co-binding Partners
Name	Interaction	Effect	Reference
RXR	Physical, Functional	DNA binding	6

Main Co-regulators
Name	Activity	Specific	Ligand dependent	AF-2 dependent	Comments	References
NCOA1	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes		21
NCOR1	Co-repressor	No	No	No		13
NCOA3	Co-activator	Yes	Yes	Yes		4
NCOA2	Co-activator	No	Yes	Yes		19

Main Target Genes
Name	Species	Effect	Technique	Comments	References
TshΒ	Mouse	Repressed	Directed mutation studies	THRB is expressed at higher level than THRA in TSH cells.	27
Dio1	Mouse	Activated			34

Tissue Distribution

Brain, Heart, Liver

Species:	Human
Technique:	Northern blot, Q-PCR.
References:	14

Tissue Distribution Comments

Similar patterns of expression are seen in mice and rats [14].

Functional Assays

Liver response

Species:	Mouse
Tissue:	Liver
Response measured:	Type 1 deiodinase expression
References:	34

Xenopus tadpole metamorphosis

Species:	None
Tissue:	Intestine, brain, muscle, skin
Response measured:	Metamorphosis: body shape change, tail loss
References:	28

Physiological Consequences of Altering Gene Expression

Deafness, elevated T3 level, cerebellum development

Species:	None
Tissue:	Brain
Technique:	knock-in mutations
References:	12,15,27

Deafness, impaired colour perception and elevated T3 levels

Species:	None
Tissue:	Various
Technique:	Knockout
References:	1,8-10,22

Phenotypes, Alleles and Disease Models

Mouse data from MGI

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Allele	Composition & genetic background	Accession	Phenotype Id	Phenotype	Reference
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0002896	abnormal bone mineralization	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0002896	abnormal bone mineralization	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0003795	abnormal bone structure	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0000130	abnormal cancellous bone morphology	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac	MGI:98743	MP:0004039	abnormal cardiac cell glucose uptake	PMID: 15304375
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000875	abnormal cerebellar Purkinje cell layer	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000875	abnormal cerebellar Purkinje cell layer	PMID: 11274423
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0009780	abnormal chondrocyte physiology	PMID: 17065405
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005418	abnormal circulating hormone level	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000031	abnormal cochlea morphology	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000031	abnormal cochlea morphology	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000031	abnormal cochlea morphology	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004433	abnormal cochlear inner hair cell physiology	PMID: 11739587 9861043
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004433	abnormal cochlear inner hair cell physiology	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129S1-Thrb	MGI:98743	MP:0004433	abnormal cochlear inner hair cell physiology	PMID: 11726557
Tg(Pres-cre)1Jnz\|Thrb^tm1Df\|Thrb^tm1Mkni	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Mkni,Tg(Pres-cre)1Jnz/0 involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J * FVB/NJ	MGI:3052547 MGI:98743	MP:0004433	abnormal cochlear inner hair cell physiology	PMID: 19244534
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J * FVB/NJ	MGI:98743	MP:0004415	abnormal cochlear nerve compound action potential	PMID: 19244534
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004434	abnormal cochlear outer hair cell physiology	PMID: 11739587
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004434	abnormal cochlear outer hair cell physiology	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm2Df	Thrb^tm2Df/Thrb^tm2Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004022	abnormal cone electrophysiology	PMID: 11138006
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000438	abnormal cranium morphology	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004736	abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emission	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004736	abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emission	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J * FVB/NJ	MGI:98743	MP:0004736	abnormal distortion product otoacoustic emission	PMID: 19244534
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0006395	abnormal epiphyseal plate morphology	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0004197	abnormal fetal growth/weight/body size	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000084	abnormal fontanelle morphology	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0000084	abnormal fontanelle morphology	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0002109	abnormal limb morphology	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0003055	abnormal long bone epiphyseal plate morphology	PMID: 17327419
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0003055	abnormal long bone epiphyseal plate morphology	PMID: 9927422
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003662	abnormal long bone epiphyseal plate proliferative zone	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000165	abnormal long bone hypertrophic chondrocyte zone	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0000042	abnormal organ of Corti	PMID: 11739587
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0000042	abnormal organ of Corti	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000042	abnormal organ of Corti	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0001541	abnormal osteoclast physiology	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0003825	abnormal pillar cell morphology	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0003825	abnormal pillar cell morphology	PMID: 12925699
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0003825	abnormal pillar cell morphology	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005646	abnormal pituitary gland physiology	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005646	abnormal pituitary gland physiology	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005646	abnormal pituitary gland physiology	PMID: 11069286
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005646	abnormal pituitary gland physiology	PMID: 11069286
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0003965	abnormal pituitary hormone level	PMID: 17210747
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0003965	abnormal pituitary hormone level	PMID: 15601836
Thra⁺\|Thra^tm3Ven\|Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm3Ven/Thra⁺,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb⁺ involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6NCrl	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001731	abnormal postnatal growth	PMID: 12356724
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000877	abnormal Purkinje cell morphology	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000877	abnormal Purkinje cell morphology	PMID: 11274423
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0003638	abnormal response/metabolism to endogenous compounds	PMID: 12576486 17327419
Ncoa1^tm1Bwo\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Ncoa1^tm1Bwo/Ncoa1^tm1Bwo,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc B6.129-Ncoa1 Thrb	MGI:1276523 MGI:98743	MP:0003638	abnormal response/metabolism to endogenous compounds	PMID: 12576486
Thrb^tm2Df	Thrb^tm2Df/Thrb^tm2Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0001006	abnormal retinal cone cell morphology	PMID: 11138006
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0001006	abnormal retinal cone cell morphology	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0001006	abnormal retinal cone cell morphology	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0002113	abnormal skeleton development	PMID: 12677005
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0002113	abnormal skeleton development	PMID: 9927422
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0000496	abnormal small intestine morphology	PMID: 9927422
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0001463	abnormal spatial learning	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0001463	abnormal spatial learning	PMID: 11274423
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0002674	abnormal sperm motility	PMID: 17210747
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0003149	abnormal tectorial membrane morphology	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0003149	abnormal tectorial membrane morphology	PMID: 12925699
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0003149	abnormal tectorial membrane morphology	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003149	abnormal tectorial membrane morphology	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004696	abnormal thyroid follicle morphology	PMID: 8670802
Thra^tm2Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm2Ven/Thra^tm2Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004696	abnormal thyroid follicle morphology	PMID: 11726557
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0004696	abnormal thyroid follicle morphology	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0004696	abnormal thyroid follicle morphology	PMID: 9927422
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004696	abnormal thyroid follicle morphology	PMID: 9927422
Thra^tm2Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm2Ven/Thra^tm2Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005468	abnormal thyroid hormone level	PMID: 11726557
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005468	abnormal thyroid hormone level	PMID: 15601836
Thrb^tm1Few	Thrb^tm1Few/Thrb^tm1Few involves: 129S4/SvJae	MGI:98743	MP:0002876	abnormal thyroid physiology	PMID: 10430610
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004737	absent distortion product otoacoustic emissions	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df either: B6.129S1-Thrb or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J)	MGI:98743	MP:0001496	audiogenic seizures	PMID: 11496110
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0004362	cochlear hair cell degeneration	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004404	cochlear outer hair cell degeneration	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0001967	deafness	PMID: 8673137
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df either: B6.129S1-Thrb or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J)	MGI:98743	MP:0001967	deafness	PMID: 11496110
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0001258	decreased body length	PMID: 12677005
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001265	decreased body size	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0001265	decreased body size	PMID: 11069286 12677005
Thra⁺\|Thra^tm3Ven\|Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm3Ven/Thra⁺,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb⁺ involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6NCrl	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001262	decreased body weight	PMID: 12356724
Thra⁺\|Thra^tm3Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm3Ven/Thra⁺,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6NCrl	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001262	decreased body weight	PMID: 12356724
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001262	decreased body weight	PMID: 17210747
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0001262	decreased body weight	PMID: 17327419
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001262	decreased body weight	PMID: 9927422
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 8673137 9861043
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 12925699
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 11739587
Thra⁺\|Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra⁺,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df either: B6.129S1-Thrb or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J)	MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 11496110
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129S1-Thrb	MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 11726557
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 12382103
Tg(Pres-cre)1Jnz\|Thrb^tm1Df\|Thrb^tm1Mkni	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Mkni,Tg(Pres-cre)1Jnz/0 involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J * FVB/NJ	MGI:3052547 MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 19244534
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J * FVB/NJ	MGI:98743	MP:0004765	decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential	PMID: 19244534
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0009346	decreased cancellous bone thickness	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0004701	decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor I level	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005478	decreased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 8670802
Thra^tm2Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm2Ven/Thra^tm2Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005478	decreased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 11726557
Thra^tm2Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm2Ven/Thra^tm2Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005479	decreased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 11726557
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J * FVB/NJ	MGI:98743	MP:0004414	decreased cochlear microphonics	PMID: 19244534
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004437	decreased cochlear outer hair cell electromotility	PMID: 11739587 9861043
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004437	decreased cochlear outer hair cell electromotility	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004402	decreased cochlear outer hair cell number	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0000135	decreased cortical bone thickness	PMID: 17327419
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004411	decreased endocochlear potential	PMID: 11739587
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005130	decreased follicle stimulating hormone level	PMID: 17210747
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005136	decreased growth hormone level	PMID: 17210747
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0006396	decreased long bone epiphyseal plate size	PMID: 17327419
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005132	decreased luteinizing hormone level	PMID: 17210747
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005138	decreased prolactin level	PMID: 17210747
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000880	decreased Purkinje cell number	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000880	decreased Purkinje cell number	PMID: 11274423
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0008142	decreased small intestinal villus size	PMID: 9927422
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004852	decreased testis weight	PMID: 17210747
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004465	degeneration of organ of Corti supporting cells	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004664	delayed inner ear development	PMID: 11739587 8673137
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004664	delayed inner ear development	PMID: 11739587
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0000478	delayed intestine development	PMID: 9927422
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003150	detached tectorial membrane	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000636	enlarged pituitary gland	PMID: 15601836
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004591	enlarged tectorial membrane	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004591	enlarged tectorial membrane	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004591	enlarged tectorial membrane	PMID: 12925699
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0004591	enlarged tectorial membrane	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0004591	enlarged tectorial membrane	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J * FVB/NJ	MGI:98743	MP:0004591	enlarged tectorial membrane	PMID: 19244534
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 8670802
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm5Few	Thrb^tm5Few/Thrb^tm5Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 16100573
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm5Few	Thrb^tm5Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 16100573
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 11069286
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1.1Syc\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 15231697
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005355	enlarged thyroid gland	PMID: 15231697
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001926	female infertility	PMID: 11739587
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001926	female infertility	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0006325	impaired hearing	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0003502	increased activity of thyroid	PMID: 8670802
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0003502	increased activity of thyroid	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0003502	increased activity of thyroid	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm2Df	Thrb^tm2Df/Thrb^tm2Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 11138006
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Few	Thrb^tm1Few/Thrb^tm1Few involves: 129S4/SvJae	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 10430610
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 11274423
Thrb^tm5Few	Thrb^tm5Few/Thrb^tm5Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 16100573
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 11069286
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 15601836
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 15601836
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 12576486 17327419 9927422
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 9927422
Ncoa1^tm1Bwo\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Ncoa1^tm1Bwo/Ncoa1^tm1Bwo,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc B6.129-Ncoa1 Thrb	MGI:1276523 MGI:98743	MP:0005122	increased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 12576486
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 8670802
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm5Few	Thrb^tm5Few/Thrb^tm5Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 16100573
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm5Few	Thrb^tm5Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 16100573
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df either: B6.129S1-Thrb or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J)	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 11496110
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 11069286 12677005
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 15601836
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 15601836
Thrb^tm6.1Few	Thrb^tm6.1Few/Thrb^tm6.1Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 19439650
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm6.1Few	Thrb^tm6.1Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 19439650
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 11159823 12576486 17327419 9927422
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 9927422
Ncoa1^tm1Bwo\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Ncoa1^tm1Bwo/Ncoa1^tm1Bwo,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc B6.129-Ncoa1 Thrb	MGI:1276523 MGI:98743	MP:0005477	increased circulating thyroxine level	PMID: 12576486
Thrb^tm2Df	Thrb^tm2Df/Thrb^tm2Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 11138006
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 8670802
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm5Few	Thrb^tm5Few/Thrb^tm5Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 16100573
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df either: B6.129S1-Thrb or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J)	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 11496110
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 11069286
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 15601836
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 15601836
Thrb^tm6.1Few	Thrb^tm6.1Few/Thrb^tm6.1Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 19439650
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm6.1Few	Thrb^tm6.1Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 19439650
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 12576486 9927422
Ncoa1^tm1Bwo\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Ncoa1^tm1Bwo/Ncoa1^tm1Bwo,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc B6.129-Ncoa1 Thrb	MGI:1276523 MGI:98743	MP:0005480	increased circulating triiodothyronine level	PMID: 12576486
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0004148	increased cortical bone thickness	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0002626	increased heart rate	PMID: 11159823
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0004984	increased osteoclast cell number	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0002041	increased pituitary adenoma incidence	PMID: 15601836
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0009766	increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality	PMID: 11739587
Thrb^tm1.1Syc\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0010346	increased thyroid carcinioma incidence	PMID: 15231697
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0010346	increased thyroid carcinioma incidence	PMID: 15231697
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0005135	increased thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 8670802
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df B6.129-Thra Thrb	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005135	increased thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 17210747
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df either: B6.129S1-Thrb or (involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J)	MGI:98743	MP:0005135	increased thyroid-stimulating hormone level	PMID: 11496110
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0008337	increased thyrotroph cell number	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0008337	increased thyrotroph cell number	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0008337	increased thyrotroph cell number	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1Few	Thrb^tm1Few/Thrb^tm1Few involves: 129S4/SvJae	MGI:98743	MP:0005470	increased thyroxine level	PMID: 10430610
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005470	increased thyroxine level	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005470	increased thyroxine level	PMID: 11274423
Thrb^tm1Few	Thrb^tm1Few/Thrb^tm1Few involves: 129S4/SvJae	MGI:98743	MP:0005474	increased triiodothyronine level	PMID: 10430610
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005474	increased triiodothyronine level	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0005474	increased triiodothyronine level	PMID: 11274423
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005474	increased triiodothyronine level	PMID: 9927422
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000043	organ of Corti degeneration	PMID: 12382103
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0000066	osteoporosis	PMID: 17327419
Thra^tm2Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm2Ven/Thra^tm2Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001732	postnatal growth retardation	PMID: 11726557
Thra⁺\|Thra^tm2Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm2Ven/Thra⁺,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * BALB/c * C57BL/6J	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001732	postnatal growth retardation	PMID: 11726557
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0001732	postnatal growth retardation	PMID: 11069286 12677005
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001732	postnatal growth retardation	PMID: 9927422
Thra⁺\|Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra⁺,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0001732	postnatal growth retardation	PMID: 9927422
Thra^tm3Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm3Ven/Thra^tm3Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6NCrl	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0002082	postnatal lethality	PMID: 12356724
Thrb^tm1.1Syc\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0002083	premature death	PMID: 15231697
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0002083	premature death	PMID: 15231697
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0002083	premature death	PMID: 9927422
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003417	premature endochondral bone ossification	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003417	premature endochondral bone ossification	PMID: 16051666
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0003417	premature endochondral bone ossification	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003418	premature intramembranous bone ossification	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003418	premature intramembranous bone ossification	PMID: 16051666
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000081	premature suture closure	PMID: 12677005
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0000081	premature suture closure	PMID: 16051666
Thrb^tm1.1Syc\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S1/Sv * 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0001954	respiratory distress	PMID: 15231697
Thrb^tm3Few	Thrb^tm3Few/Thrb^tm3Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004740	sensorineural hearing loss	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004740	sensorineural hearing loss	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0004466	short cochlear outer hair cells	PMID: 9861043
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003109	short femur	PMID: 11069286
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003109	short femur	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0000547	short limbs	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0000592	short tail	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0002764	short tibia	PMID: 11069286
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb⁺ involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0002764	short tibia	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0002764	short tibia	PMID: 16051666
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0002764	short tibia	PMID: 17327419
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000852	small cerebellum	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000852	small cerebellum	PMID: 11274423
Thra^tm1Ven\|Thrb^tm1Df	Thra^tm1Ven/Thra^tm1Ven,Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0005361	small pituitary gland	PMID: 15601836
Thrb^tm4Few	Thrb^tm4Few/Thrb^tm4Few involves: 129 * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0004864	spiral ligament degeneration	PMID: 12925699
Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb^tm2Few involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000890	thin cerebellar molecular layer	PMID: 11274423
Thrb⁺\|Thrb^tm2Few	Thrb^tm2Few/Thrb⁺ involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:98743	MP:0000890	thin cerebellar molecular layer	PMID: 11274423
Thrb^tm1Df	Thrb^tm1Df/Thrb^tm1Df involves: 129S1/Sv * C57BL/6J	MGI:98743	MP:0003498	thyroid gland hyperplasia	PMID: 8670802
Thrb^tm1.1Syc	Thrb^tm1.1Syc/Thrb^tm1.1Syc involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * FVB/N * NIH Black Swiss	MGI:98743	MP:0003498	thyroid gland hyperplasia	PMID: 11069286
Thrb^tm1Olc	Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv	MGI:98743	MP:0003498	thyroid gland hyperplasia	PMID: 9927422
Thra^tm1Jas\|Thrb^tm1Olc	Thra^tm1Jas/Thra^tm1Jas,Thrb^tm1Olc/Thrb^tm1Olc involves: 129/Sv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:98742 MGI:98743	MP:0003498	thyroid gland hyperplasia	PMID: 9927422

Clinically-Relevant Mutations and Pathophysiology

Disease:

Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone

Synonyms:	Thyroid hormone resistance, generalized, autosomal dominant; GRTH [OMIM: 188570] Thyroid hormone resistance, generalized, autosomal recessive; GRTH [OMIM: 274300] Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome [Disease Ontology: DOID:11633]
Disease Ontology:	DOID:11633
OMIM:	188570, 274300
Orphanet:	ORPHA3221

Comments:

Alteration at the receptor level: Point mutations in the coding sequences

References:

Disease:

Hypothyroidism, congenital, nongoitrous, 3; CHNG3

Synonyms:	Congenital hypothyroidism [Disease Ontology: DOID:0050328] Peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones [Orphanet: ORPHA97927]
Disease Ontology:	DOID:0050328
OMIM:	609893
Orphanet:	ORPHA97927

Disease:

Selective pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone

OMIM:	145650
Orphanet:	ORPHA165994

Biologically Significant Variants

Type:	Splice variant
Species:	Rat
Description:	TRβ3: Alternative promoter usage and slicing
References:	32

Type:	Splice variant
Species:	Rat
Description:	TRδβ3: Alternative promoter usage and splicing.
References:	32

Type:	Splice variant
Species:	Human
Description:	TRβ2: Alternative promoter usage. N-terminal variant
Amino acids:	461
Protein accession:	NP_001121648
References:	17

Biologically Significant Variant Comments

The TRβ2 variant has also been observed in mouse and rat [25]

References

Show »« Hide

1. Abel ED, Boers ME, Pazos-Moura C, Moura E, Kaulbach H, Zakaria M, Lowell B, Radovick S, Liberman MC, Wondisford F. (1999) Divergent roles for thyroid hormone receptor beta isoforms in the endocrine axis and auditory system. J Clin Invest, 104 (3): 291-300. [PMID:10430610]

2. Boyer SH, Jiang H, Jacintho JD, Reddy MV, Li H, Li W, Godwin JL, Schulz WG, Cable EE, Hou J et al.. (2008) Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of liver-selective phosphonic acid thyroid hormone receptor agonists and their prodrugs. J Med Chem, 51 (22): 7075-93. [PMID:18975928]

3. Brun LD, Gagné C, Coulombe P, Lupien PJ, Dussault JH, Moorjani S. (1980) Effects of dextrothyroxine on the pituitary-thyroid axis in hypercholesterolemic children and goitrous adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 51 (6): 1306-10. [PMID:6777394]

4. Chen H, Lin RJ, Schiltz RL, Chakravarti D, Nash A, Nagy L, Privalsky ML, Nakatani Y, Evans RM. (1997) Nuclear receptor coactivator ACTR is a novel histone acetyltransferase and forms a multimeric activation complex with P/CAF and CBP/p300. Cell, 90 (3): 569-80. [PMID:9267036]

5. Chiellini G, Apriletti JW, Yoshihara HA, Baxter JD, Ribeiro RC, Scanlan TS. (1998) A high-affinity subtype-selective agonist ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor. Chem Biol, 5 (6): 299-306. [PMID:9653548]

6. Desvergne B. (1994) How do thyroid hormone receptors bind to structurally diverse response elements?. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 100 (1-2): 125-31. [PMID:8056146]

7. Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Arnold LA, Jouravel N, Togashi M, Blethrow J, Mar E, Nguyen P, Phillips KJ, Baxter JD, Webb P, Guy RK, Fletterick RJ. (2007) Structural insight into the mode of action of a direct inhibitor of coregulator binding to the thyroid hormone receptor. Mol Endocrinol, 21 (12): 2919-28. [PMID:17823305]

8. Forrest D, Erway LC, Ng L, Altschuler R, Curran T. (1996) Thyroid hormone receptor beta is essential for development of auditory function. Nat Genet, 13 (3): 354-7. [PMID:8673137]

9. Forrest D, Hanebuth E, Smeyne RJ, Everds N, Stewart CL, Wehner JM, Curran T. (1996) Recessive resistance to thyroid hormone in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor beta: evidence for tissue-specific modulation of receptor function. EMBO J, 15 (12): 3006-15. [PMID:8670802]

10. Gauthier K, Chassande O, Plateroti M, Roux JP, Legrand C, Pain B, Rousset B, Weiss R, Trouillas J, Samarut J. (1999) Different functions for the thyroid hormone receptors TRalpha and TRbeta in the control of thyroid hormone production and post-natal development. EMBO J, 18 (3): 623-31. [PMID:9927422]

11. Grover GJ, Mellström K, Ye L, Malm J, Li YL, Bladh LG, Sleph PG, Smith MA, George R, Vennström B, Mookhtiar K, Horvath R, Speelman J, Egan D, Baxter JD. (2003) Selective thyroid hormone receptor-beta activation: a strategy for reduction of weight, cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) with reduced cardiovascular liability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100 (17): 10067-72. [PMID:12888625]

12. Hashimoto K, Curty FH, Borges PP, Lee CE, Abel ED, Elmquist JK, Cohen RN, Wondisford FE. (2001) An unliganded thyroid hormone receptor causes severe neurological dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98 (7): 3998-4003. [PMID:11274423]

13. Hörlein AJ, Näär AM, Heinzel T, Torchia J, Gloss B, Kurokawa R, Ryan A, Kamei Y, Söderström M, Glass CK. (1995) Ligand-independent repression by the thyroid hormone receptor mediated by a nuclear receptor co-repressor. Nature, 377 (6548): 397-404. [PMID:7566114]

14. Iskaros J, Pickard M, Evans I, Sinha A, Hardiman P, Ekins R. (2000) Thyroid hormone receptor gene expression in first trimester human fetal brain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85 (7): 2620-3. [PMID:10902817]

15. Kaneshige M, Kaneshige K, Zhu X, Dace A, Garrett L, Carter TA, Kazlauskaite R, Pankratz DG, Wynshaw-Boris A, Refetoff S, Weintraub B, Willingham MC, Barlow C, Cheng S. (2000) Mice with a targeted mutation in the thyroid hormone beta receptor gene exhibit impaired growth and resistance to thyroid hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97 (24): 13209-14. [PMID:11069286]

16. Kelly MJ, Pietranico-Cole S, Larigan JD, Haynes NE, Reynolds CH, Scott N, Vermeulen J, Dvorozniak M, Conde-Knape K, Huang KS et al.. (2014) Discovery of 2-[3,5-dichloro-4-(5-isopropyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yloxy)phenyl]-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazine-6-carbonitrile (MGL-3196), a Highly Selective Thyroid Hormone Receptor β agonist in clinical trials for the treatment of dyslipidemia. J Med Chem, 57 (10): 3912-23. [PMID:24712661]

17. Lazar MA, Chin WW. (1990) Nuclear thyroid hormone receptors. J Clin Invest, 86 (6): 1777-82. [PMID:2254444]

18. Li Q, Yao B, Zhao S, Lu Z, Zhang Y, Xiang Q, Wu X, Yu H, Zhang C, Li J et al.. (2022) Discovery of a Highly Selective and H435R-Sensitive Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Agonist. J Med Chem, 65 (10): 7193-7211. [PMID:35507418]

19. Ma H, Hong H, Huang SM, Irvine RA, Webb P, Kushner PJ, Coetzee GA, Stallcup MR. (1999) Multiple signal input and output domains of the 160-kilodalton nuclear receptor coactivator proteins. Mol Cell Biol, 19 (9): 6164-73. [PMID:10454563]

20. Martínez L, Nascimento AS, Nunes FM, Phillips K, Aparicio R, Dias SM, Figueira AC, Lin JH, Nguyen P, Apriletti JW, Neves FA, Baxter JD, Webb P, Skaf MS, Polikarpov I. (2009) Gaining ligand selectivity in thyroid hormone receptors via entropy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,. [PMID:19926848]

21. Nevado J, Tenbaum SP, Aranda A. (2004) hSrb7, an essential human Mediator component, acts as a coactivator for the thyroid hormone receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 222 (1-2): 41-51. [PMID:15249124]

22. Ng L, Hurley JB, Dierks B, Srinivas M, Saltó C, Vennström B, Reh TA, Forrest D. (2001) A thyroid hormone receptor that is required for the development of green cone photoreceptors. Nat Genet, 27 (1): 94-8. [PMID:11138006]

23. Nguyen NH, Apriletti JW, Cunha Lima ST, Webb P, Baxter JD, Scanlan TS. (2002) Rational design and synthesis of a novel thyroid hormone antagonist that blocks coactivator recruitment. J Med Chem, 45 (15): 3310-20. [PMID:12109914]

24. Schueler PA, Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH. (1990) Binding of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and its analogs to the in vitro translational products of c-erbA protooncogenes: differences in the affinity of the alpha- and beta-forms for the acetic acid analog and failure of the human testis and kidney alpha-2 products to bind T3. Mol Endocrinol, 4 (2): 227-34. [PMID:2158622]

25. Schwartz HL, Lazar MA, Oppenheimer JH. (1994) Widespread distribution of immunoreactive thyroid hormone beta 2 receptor (TR beta 2) in the nuclei of extrapituitary rat tissues. J Biol Chem, 269 (40): 24777-82. [PMID:7929155]

26. Sharma SK, Klee WA, Nirenberg M. (1977) Opiate-dependent modulation of adenylate cyclase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 74 (8): 3365-9. [PMID:269396]

27. Shibusawa N, Hollenberg AN, Wondisford FE. (2003) Thyroid hormone receptor DNA binding is required for both positive and negative gene regulation. J Biol Chem, 278 (2): 732-8. [PMID:12419821]

28. Tata JR. (1970) Simultaneous acquisition of metamorphic response and hormone binding in Xenopus larvae. Nature, 227 (5259): 686-9. [PMID:5432064]

29. Thompson CC, Weinberger C, Lebo R, Evans RM. (1987) Identification of a novel thyroid hormone receptor expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Science, 237 (4822): 1610-4. [PMID:3629259]

30. Weinberger C, Thompson CC, Ong ES, Lebo R, Gruol DJ, Evans RM. (1986) The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor. Nature, 324 (6098): 641-6. [PMID:2879243]

31. Weiss RE, Refetoff S. (2000) Resistance to thyroid hormone. Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 1 (1-2): 97-108. [PMID:11704998]

32. Williams GR. (2000) Cloning and characterization of two novel thyroid hormone receptor beta isoforms. Mol Cell Biol, 20 (22): 8329-42. [PMID:11046130]

33. Wood WM, Ocran KW, Gordon DF, Ridgway EC. (1991) Isolation and characterization of mouse complementary DNAs encoding alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors from thyrotrope cells: the mouse pituitary-specific beta 2 isoform differs at the amino terminus from the corresponding species from rat pituitary tumor cells. Mol Endocrinol, 5 (8): 1049-61. [PMID:1944303]

34. Zavacki AM, Ying H, Christoffolete MA, Aerts G, So E, Harney JW, Cheng SY, Larsen PR, Bianco AC. (2005) Type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase is a sensitive marker of peripheral thyroid status in the mouse. Endocrinology, 146 (3): 1568-75. [PMID:15591136]

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Thyroid hormone receptor-β

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References

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