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Contents:
Gene and Protein Information  |
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| Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor | ||||||
| Species | TM | AA | Chromosomal Location | Gene Symbol | Gene Name | Reference |
| Human | 7 | 963 | 9q33.3 | ADGRD2 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2 | |
| Mouse | 7 | - | 2 B | Adgrd2-ps | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2, pseudogene | |
| Previous and Unofficial Names |
| adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2 | adhesion G protein-coupled receptor D2, pseudogene | GPR144 (G protein-coupled receptor 144) | PGR24 |
| Database Links |
|
| Specialist databases | |
| GPCRdb | agrd2_human (Hs) |
| Other databases | |
| Alphafold | Q7Z7M1 (Hs) |
| ChEMBL Target | CHEMBL4523880 (Hs) |
| Ensembl Gene | ENSG00000180264 (Hs), ENSMUSG00000083722 (Mm) |
| Entrez Gene | 347088 (Hs) |
| Human Protein Atlas | ENSG00000180264 (Hs) |
| KEGG Gene | hsa:347088 (Hs) |
| Pharos | Q7Z7M1 (Hs) |
| UniProtKB | Q7Z7M1 (Hs) |
| Wikipedia | ADGRD2 (Hs) |
| Primary Transduction Mechanisms
|
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| Transducer | Effector/Response |
| G protein (identity unknown) | |
| Comments: Predicted to transduce signal through G proteins based on sequence signatures [3]. However, studies on several different adhesion GPCRs have provided evidence that these receptors are in fact authentic G protein-coupled receptors. Adhesion GPCRs with experimentally verified G-protein coupling includes ADGRG1 [6], ADGRD1 [2] and ADGRG6 [8]. Recent reviews [10] and adhesion GPCR consortium meeting report [1] addressed the issues to unravel the signal transduction of adhesion GPCRs and provided further preliminary evidences [5] for other adhesion GPCRs to transduce signal through G proteins. | |
| References: | |
| Secondary Transduction Mechanisms |
|
| Transducer | Effector/Response |
| G protein (identity unknown) | |
| References: | |
| Tissue Distribution
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| General Comments |
| ADGRD2 (formerly GPR144) is an orphan receptor belonging to Family V Adhesion-GPCRs together with ADGRD1 (formerly GPR133) [3]. ADGRD1 and ADGRD2 are the Adhesion-GPCRs most closely related to the Secretin class of GPCRs [9]. A search for homologs in the invertebrates like ciona and amphioxus revealed that ADGRD1 and ADGRD2 are well conserved in pre-vertebrate genomes [7,9]. Adgrd2 is a pseudogene in Mus musculus. ADGRD2 contains a pentraxin (PTX) domain and a GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif. The PTX domain has previously been found in one other Adhesion-GPCR (ADGRG4, previously GPR112). ADGRG4 is, together with CELSR1-3 and VLGR1 (now known as ADGRV1), one the largest Adhesion-GPCRs. The PTX domain in ADGRD2 is only 33% similar to the PTX domain in ADGRG4. ADGRG4 belongs to a different phylogenetic cluster as ADGRD2 and these receptors are not particularly similar, sharing about 36–40% amino acid identity in the TM regions. The PTX domains are found in a number of other proteins and consist of up to five non-covalently bound identical subunits that are arranged in a flat pentameric disk. |
References
1. Araç D, Aust G, Calebiro D, Engel FB, Formstone C, Goffinet A, Hamann J, Kittel RJ, Liebscher I, Lin HH et al.. (2012) Dissecting signaling and functions of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1276: 1-25. [PMID:23215895]
2. Bohnekamp J, Schöneberg T. (2011) Cell adhesion receptor GPR133 couples to Gs protein. J Biol Chem, 286 (49): 41912-6. [PMID:22025619]
3. Fredriksson R, Gloriam DE, Höglund PJ, Lagerström MC, Schiöth HB. (2003) There exist at least 30 human G-protein-coupled receptors with long Ser/Thr-rich N-termini. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 301 (3): 725-34. [PMID:12565841]
4. GTExPortal. Gene Page ADGRD2. Accessed on 29/09/2020. Modified on 29/09/2020. GTExPortal, https://gtexportal.org/home/gene/ADGRD2
5. Gupte J, Swaminath G, Danao J, Tian H, Li Y, Wu X. (2012) Signaling property study of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors. FEBS Lett, 586 (8): 1214-9. [PMID:22575658]
6. Iguchi T, Sakata K, Yoshizaki K, Tago K, Mizuno N, Itoh H. (2008) Orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR56 regulates neural progenitor cell migration via a G alpha 12/13 and Rho pathway. J Biol Chem, 283 (21): 14469-78. [PMID:18378689]
7. Kamesh N, Aradhyam GK, Manoj N. (2008) The repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors in the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis. BMC Evol Biol, 8: 129. [PMID:18452600]
8. Monk KR, Naylor SG, Glenn TD, Mercurio S, Perlin JR, Dominguez C, Moens CB, Talbot WS. (2009) A G protein-coupled receptor is essential for Schwann cells to initiate myelination. Science, 325 (5946): 1402-5. [PMID:19745155]
9. Nordström KJ, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. (2008) The amphioxus (Branchiostoma floridae) genome contains a highly diversified set of G protein-coupled receptors. BMC Evol Biol, 8: 9. [PMID:18199322]
10. Paavola KJ, Hall RA. (2012) Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors: signaling, pharmacology, and mechanisms of activation. Mol Pharmacol, 82 (5): 777-83. [PMID:22821233]
How to cite this page
Arac-Ozkan D, Aust G, Bonner TI, Cappallo-Obermann H, Formstone C, Hamann J, Harty B, Heyne H, Kirchhoff C, Knapp B, Krishnan A, Langenhan T, Le Duc D, Lin HH, Martinelli DC, Monk K, Piao X, Prömel S, Schiöth H, Schöneberg T, Singer K, Stacey M, Ushkaryov Y, Wolfrum U, Xu L. Adhesion Class GPCRs in GtoPdb v.2023.1. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE. 2023; 2023(1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.2218/gtopdb/F17/2023.1.
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