The mammalian genome encodes seven guanylyl cyclases, GC-A to GC-G, that are homodimeric transmembrane receptors activated by a diverse range of endogenous ligands. These enzymes convert guanosine-5'-triphosphate to the intracellular second messenger cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP). GC-A, GC-B and GC-C are expressed predominantly in the cardiovascular system, skeletal system and intestinal epithelium, respectively. GC-D and GC-G are found in the olfactory neuropepithelium and Grueneberg ganglion of rodents, respectively. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in retinal photoreceptors.

GtoImmuPdb View ON

* Key recommended reading is highlighted with an asterisk

Blomain ES, Merlino DJ, Pattison AM, Snook AE, Waldman SA. (2016) Guanylyl Cyclase C Hormone Axis at the Intersection of Obesity and Colorectal Cancer. Mol Pharmacol, 90 (3): 199-204. [PMID:27251363]

* Kuhn M. (2016) Molecular Physiology of Membrane Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors. Physiol Rev, 96 (2): 751-804. [PMID:27030537]

Papapetropoulos A, Hobbs AJ, Topouzis S. (2015) Extending the translational potential of targeting NO/cGMP-regulated pathways in the CVS. Br J Pharmacol, 172 (6): 1397-414. [PMID:25302549]

Pechánová O, Varga ZV, Cebová M, Giricz Z, Pacher P, Ferdinandy P. (2015) Cardiac NO signalling in the metabolic syndrome. Br J Pharmacol, 172 (6): 1415-33. [PMID:25297560]

Santhekadur PK, Kumar DP, Seneshaw M, Mirshahi F, Sanyal AJ. (2017) The multifaceted role of natriuretic peptides in metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother, 92: 826-835. [PMID:28599248]

Vanhoutte PM, Zhao Y, Xu A, Leung SW. (2016) Thirty Years of Saying NO: Sources, Fate, Actions, and Misfortunes of the Endothelium-Derived Vasodilator Mediator. Circ Res, 119 (2): 375-96. [PMID:27390338]

Volpe M, Carnovali M, Mastromarino V. (2016) The natriuretic peptides system in the pathophysiology of heart failure: from molecular basis to treatment. Clin Sci, 130 (2): 57-77. [PMID:26637405]

* Waldman SA, Camilleri M. (2018) Guanylate cyclase-C as a therapeutic target in gastrointestinal disorders. Gut, 67 (8): 1543-1552. [PMID:29563144]

Yetik-Anacak G, Sorrentino R, Linder AE, Murat N. (2015) Gas what: NO is not the only answer to sexual function. Br J Pharmacol, 172 (6): 1434-54. [PMID:24661203]