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Targets
Enzymes
Enzymes
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Families that contain targets of relevance to immunopharmacology are
highlighted in blue
Enzymes
C
AAA ATPases
C
Acetylcholine turnover
C
Acyl-CoA synthetases
Adenosine turnover
C
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs)
C
Mono-ADP-ribosylating PARPs
C
Poly ADP-ribosylating PARPs
C
Amino acid hydroxylases
C
L-Arginine turnover
C
2.1.1.- Protein arginine N-methyltransferases
C
Arginase
C
Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
C
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases
C
Nitric oxide synthases
C
Carbonic anhydrases
C
Carboxylases and decarboxylases
C
Carboxylases
C
Decarboxylases
C
Carnitine palmitoyltransferases
Catecholamine turnover
C
Ceramide turnover
C
Serine palmitoyltransferase
C
3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase
Ceramide synthase
C
Sphingolipid Δ
4
-desaturase
C
Sphingomyelin synthase
C
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
C
Neutral sphingomyelinase coupling factors
C
Ceramide glucosyltransferase
C
Acid ceramidase
C
Neutral ceramidases
C
Alkaline ceramidases
C
Ceramide kinase
C
Chitinases
Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway
Chromatin modifying enzymes
C
1.14.11.- Histone demethylases
2.1.1.- Protein arginine N-methyltransferases
C
2.1.1.43 Histone methyltransferases (HMTs)
2.3.1.48 Histone acetyltransferases (HATs)
3.5.1.- Histone deacetylases (HDACs)
C
3.6.1.3 ATPases
Enzymatic bromodomain-containing proteins
C
Bromodomain kinase (BRDK) family
TAF1 family
TIF1 family
Citrate metabolism
Cyclic nucleotide turnover/signalling
C
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs)
C
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
Exchange proteins activated by cyclic AMP (EPACs)
C
Phosphodiesterases, 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide (PDEs)
C
Cytochrome P450
C
CYP1 family
C
CYP2 family: drug metabolising subset
C
CYP2 family: physiological enzymes subset
C
CYP3 family
C
CYP4 family
C
CYP5, CYP7 and CYP8 families
C
CYP11, CYP17, CYP19, CYP20 and CYP21 families
C
CYP24, CYP26 and CYP27 families
C
CYP39, CYP46 and CYP51 families
C
DNA glycosylases
DNA polymerases
DNA topoisomerases
C
E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes
E3 ubiquitin ligase components
C
Endocannabinoid turnover
C
N
-Acylethanolamine turnover
C
2-Acylglycerol ester turnover
C
Eicosanoid turnover
C
Cyclooxygenase
C
Prostaglandin synthases
C
Lipoxygenases
C
Leukotriene and lipoxin metabolism
C
G-alpha family G(q) subfamily
GABA turnover
C
Glycerophospholipid turnover
C
Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C
C
Phospholipase A
2
C
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D
C
Lipid phosphate phosphatases
C
Phosphatidylinositol kinases
C
Phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases
C
Glycine recycling
Haem oxygenase
C
Hydrogen sulphide synthesis
C
Hydrolases & Lipases
C
Inositol phosphate turnover
C
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinases
C
Inositol polyphosphate phosphatases
C
Inositol monophosphatase
C
Itaconate biosynthesis
Kinases (EC 2.7.x.x)
C
AGC: Containing PKA, PKG, PKC families
C
DMPK family
C
GEK subfamily
Other DMPK family kinases
Rho kinase
C
G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs)
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinases (βARKs)
Opsin/rhodopsin kinases
GRK4 subfamily
C
MAST family
NDR family
PDK1 family
Protein kinase A (PKA) family
Akt (Protein kinase B, PKB) family
Protein kinase C (PKC) family
C
Alpha subfamily
C
Delta subfamily
C
Eta subfamily
C
Iota subfamily
C
Protein kinase G (PKG) family
Protein kinase N (PKN) family
RSK family
MSK subfamily
p70 subfamily
RSK subfamily
RSKR subfamily
RSKL family
SGK family
YANK family
Atypical
C
ABC1 family
ABC1-A subfamily
ABC1-B subfamily
Alpha kinase family
ChaK subfamily
eEF2K subfamily
Other alpha kinase family kinases
BCR family
Bromodomain kinase (BRDK) family
G11 family
Phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase-related kinases (PIKK) family
C
ATR subfamily
FRAP subfamily
C
SMG1 subfamily
TRRAP subfamily
Other PIKK family kinases
RIO family
RIO1 subfamily
RIO2 subfamily
RIO3 subfamily
PDHK family
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) family
TAF1 family
TIF1 family
CAMK: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases
C
CAMK1 family
CAMK2 family
CAMK-like (CAMKL) family
AMPK subfamily
BRSK subfamily
CHK1 subfamily
HUNK subfamily
LKB subfamily
MARK subfamily
MELK subfamily
NIM1 subfamily
NuaK subfamily
PASK subfamily
QIK subfamily
SNRK subfamily
CAMK-unique family
CASK family
DCAMKL family
Death-associated kinase (DAPK) family
MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPKAPK) family
MAPKAPK subfamily
MKN subfamily
Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) family
Phosphorylase kinase (PHK) family
PIM family
Protein kinase D (PKD) family
PSK family
RAD53 family
Testis specific kinase (TSSK) family
Trbl family
Trio family
CK1: Casein kinase 1
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) family
Tau tubulin kinase (TTBK) family
Vaccina related kinase (VRK) family
CMGC: Containing CDK, MAPK, GSK3, CLK families
C
CLK family
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family
C
CCRK subfamily
CDK1 subfamily
CDK4 subfamily
C
CDK5 subfamily
CDK7 subfamily
CDK8 subfamily
CDK9 subfamily
CDK10 subfamily
CRK7 subfamily
PITSLRE subfamily
TAIRE subfamily
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like (CDKL) family
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase (DYRK) family
Dyrk1 subfamily
Dyrk2 subfamily
HIPK subfamily
PRP4 subfamily
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) family
C
GSK subfamily
C
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases)
ERK subfamily
Erk7 subfamily
JNK subfamily
p38 subfamily
nmo subfamily
RCK family
SRPK family
Lipid modifying kinases
1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase family
Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase family
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase family
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase family
1-phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase family
Type I PIP kinases (1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase family)
Type II PIP kinases (1-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase family)
Sphingosine kinase
C
Other protein kinases
C
CAMKK family
Meta subfamily
Aurora kinase (Aur) family
Bub family
Bud32 family
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) family
CDC7 family
Haspin family
IKK family
IRE family
MOS family
NAK family
NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)- related kinase (NEK) family
NKF1 family
NKF2 family
NKF4 family
NKF5 family
NRBP family
Numb-associated kinase (NAK) family
Other-unique family
Polo-like kinase (PLK) family
C
PEK family
GCN2 subfamily
PEK subfamily
Other PEK family kinases
SgK493 family
Slob family
TBCK family
TOPK family
Tousled-like kinase (TLK) family
TTK family
Unc-51-like kinase (ULK) family
VPS15 family
WEE family
Wnk family
Miscellaneous protein kinases
actin-binding proteins ADF family
Twinfilin subfamily
SCY1 family
Hexokinases
STE: Homologs of yeast Sterile 7, Sterile 11, Sterile 20 kinases
C
STE7 family
C
STE11 family
STE20 family
C
FRAY subfamily
KHS subfamily
MSN subfamily
MST subfamily
NinaC subfamily
PAKA subfamily
PAKB subfamily
SLK subfamily
STE20 subfamily
STLK subfamily
TAO subfamily
YSK subfamily
STE-unique family
TK: Tyrosine kinase
C
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)
C
Type I RTKs: ErbB (epidermal growth factor) receptor family
C
Type II RTKs: Insulin receptor family
C
Type III RTKs: PDGFR, CSFR, Kit, FLT3 receptor family
C
Type IV RTKs: VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) receptor family
C
Type V RTKs: FGF (fibroblast growth factor) receptor family
C
Type VI RTKs: PTK7/CCK4
C
Type VII RTKs: Neurotrophin receptor/Trk family
C
Type VIII RTKs: ROR family
C
Type IX RTKs: MuSK
C
Type X RTKs: HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) receptor family
C
Type XI RTKs: TAM (TYRO3-, AXL- and MER-TK) receptor family
C
Type XII RTKs: TIE family of angiopoietin receptors
C
Type XIII RTKs: Ephrin receptor family
C
Type XIV RTKs: RET
C
Type XV RTKs: RYK
C
Type XVI RTKs: DDR (collagen receptor) family
C
Type XVII RTKs: ROS receptors
C
Type XVIII RTKs: LMR family
C
Type XIX RTKs: Leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) receptor family
C
Type XX RTKs: STYK1
C
Non-receptor tyrosine kinases (nRTKs)
C
Abl family
C
Ack family
C
Csk family
Fak family
Fer family
Janus kinase (JakA) family
C
Src family
C
Syk family
Tec family
C
TKL: Tyrosine kinase-like
C
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) family
Leucine-rich repeat kinase (LRRK) family
LIM domain kinase (LISK) family
LIMK subfamily
TESK subfamily
Mixed Lineage Kinase (MLK) family
HH498 subfamily
ILK subfamily
LZK subfamily
MLK subfamily
TAK1 subfamily
RAF family
C
Receptor interacting protein kinase (RIPK) family
Receptor serine/threonine kinase (RSTK) family
C
Type I receptor serine/threonine kinases
C
Type II receptor serine/threonine kinases
C
Type III receptor serine/threonine kinases
C
RSTK functional heteromers
C
TKL-unique family
Diacylglycerol kinases
Pyruvate kinases (EC 2.7.1.40)
Sugar kinases
Lanosterol biosynthesis pathway
C
LPA synthesis
Membrane bound O-acyltransferases
Methionine turnover
Mitofusin proteins
NADPH oxidases
Nucleoside synthesis and metabolism
C
Nucleotide salvage
Pyrimidine salvage
Nucleotide turnover
Paraoxonase (PON) family
C
Peptidases and proteinases
C
Blood coagulation components
C
AA: Aspartic (A) Peptidases
C
A1: Pepsin
C
AD: Aspartic (A) Peptidases
C
A22: Presenilin
C
CA: Cysteine (C) Peptidases
C
C1: Papain
C2: Calpain
C12: Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase
C19: Ubiquitin-specific protease
C54: Aut2 peptidase
C65: Otubains
C101: OTULIN peptidase
C
CD: Cysteine (C) Peptidases
C
C13: Legumain
C14: Caspase
C
CE: Cysteine (C) Peptidases
C48: Ulp1 endopeptidase
M-: Metallo (M) Peptidases
M79: Prenyl protease 2
MA: Metallo (M) Peptidases
C
M1: Aminopeptidase N
C
M2: Angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2)
C
M10: Matrix metallopeptidase
C
M12: Astacin/Adamalysin
C
M13: Neprilysin
M49: Dipeptidyl-peptidase III
MC: Metallo (M) Peptidases
M14: Carboxypeptidase A
ME: Metallo (M) Peptidases
M16: Pitrilysin
MF: Metallo (M) Peptidases
M17: Leucyl aminopeptidase
MG: Metallo (M) Peptidases
C
M24: Methionyl aminopeptidase
MH: Metallo (M) Peptidases
C
M18: Aminopeptidase I
M20: Carnosine dipeptidase
M28: Aminopeptidase Y
C
MJ: Metallo (M) Peptidases
C
M19: Membrane dipeptidase
C
MP: Metallo (M) Peptidases
M67: PSMD14 peptidase
PA: Serine (S) Peptidases
C
S1: Chymotrypsin
C
PB: Threonine (T) Peptidases
C
C44: Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase
T1: Proteasome
C
T2: Glycosylasparaginase precursor
PC: Cysteine (C) Peptidases
C26: Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase
SB: Serine (S) Peptidases
C
S8: Subtilisin
C
SC: Serine (S) Peptidases
C
S9: Prolyl oligopeptidase
C
S10: Carboxypeptidase Y
S28: Lysosomal Pro-Xaa carboxypeptidase
S33: Prolyl aminopeptidase
Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases
C
Phosphatases
Class I classical (Cys-based) phosphatases
Dual specificity phosphatases
Protein tyrosine phosphatases non-receptor type (PTPN)
Metal-dependent protein phosphatase (PPM) family
Sugar phosphatases
Protein phosphatase catalytic subunits
Phosphodiesterases (other)
Phospholipid scramblases (PLSCR)
Prolyl hydroxylases
C
Selenoenzymes
Sphingosine 1-phosphate turnover
C
Sphingosine kinase
C
Sphingosine 1-phosphate phosphatase
C
Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase
C
Thyroid hormone turnover
C
UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT)
1.-.-.- Oxidoreductases
1.1.1.42 Isocitrate dehydrogenases
1.2.3.1 Aldehyde oxidase
1.4.3.13 Lysyl oxidases
1.13.11.- Dioxygenases
1.14.13.9 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
C
1.17.4.1 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductases
2.1.1.- Methyltransferases
2.1.2.- Hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases
2.3.1.- Acyltransferases
2.3.2.- Aminoacyltransferases
2.3.2.13 Transglutaminases
2.3.2.27 RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase
2.4.2.1 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase
2.5.1.18 Glutathione transferases
2.5.1.58 Protein farnesyltransferase
C
2.6.1.42 Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase
3.1.-.- Ester bond enzymes
3.1.1.- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
3.2.1.- Glycosidases
3.4.21.46 Complement factor D
3.5.1.- Histone deacetylases (HDACs)
C
3.5.1.2 Glutaminases
3.5.3.15 Peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADI)
C
3.6.4.12 RecQ helicases family
3.6.5.2 Small monomeric GTPases
C
RAS subfamily
C
RAB subfamily
C
5.-.-.- Isomerases
6.3.3.- Cyclo-ligases
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