melatonin   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 224

Abbreviated name: MLT
Synonyms: Circadin®
Approved drug PDB Ligand Immunopharmacology Ligand
melatonin is an approved drug (EMA (2007))
Compound class: Metabolite or derivative
Comment: Melatonin is a hormone involved in regulating circadian rhythms in animals. Melatonin activates a family of melatonin receptors.

SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: The effect of viral infection (including by influenza and SARS-CoV-2) on the melatonergic pathway, and how this might modulate the inflammatory response was reviewed by Anderson and Reiter in May 2020 [1].
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: melatonin

melatonin is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 2
Hydrogen bond donors 2
Rotatable bonds 5
Topological polar surface area 54.12
Molecular weight 232.12
XLogP 1.6
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES COc1ccc2c(c1)c(CCNC(=O)C)c[nH]2
Isomeric SMILES COc1ccc2c(c1)c(CCNC(=O)C)c[nH]2
InChI InChI=1S/C13H16N2O2/c1-9(16)14-6-5-10-8-15-13-4-3-11(17-2)7-12(10)13/h3-4,7-8,15H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,14,16)
InChI Key DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Immunopharmacology Comments
Melatonin-mediated transcriptional activation of the clock gene transcription factor RZR/ROR complex inhibits 5‐lipoxygenase [4,11] (a major producer of the proinflammatory leukotriene B4 that is found in elevated levels in synovial fluid from RA joints), and through this pathway can elicit anti‐allergic and anti‐inflammatory actions. Note: RZR/ROR refers to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-related orphan nuclear receptors. The interplay of melatonin and circadian clock regulation with inflammation in rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, as well as the potential protective effects of melatonin in these conditions was reviewed by Jahanban-Esfahlan et al. (2017) [9]. Accumulating evidence indicates that melatonin regulates TLR3- , TLR4- and TLR9-triggered innate immune responses in macrophages [3,5,8,12-13].