levodopa   Click here for help

GtoPdb Ligand ID: 3639

Synonyms: 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine | Inbrija® (levodopa inhalation powder) | L-DOPA | Sinemet®
Approved drug PDB Ligand
levodopa is an approved drug (FDA (1993), EMA (2003))
Compound class: Metabolite or derivative
Comment: L-DOPA is the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine collectively known as catecholamines. Used in the treatment of Parkisons disease. Note a deuterated derivative D3 L-DOPA with enhanced properties is under development.
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Ligand Activity Visualisation Charts

These are box plot that provide a unique visualisation, summarising all the activity data for a ligand taken from ChEMBL and GtoPdb across multiple targets and species. Click on a plot to see the median, interquartile range, low and high data points. A value of zero indicates that no data are available. A separate chart is created for each target, and where possible the algorithm tries to merge ChEMBL and GtoPdb targets by matching them on name and UniProt accession, for each available species. However, please note that inconsistency in naming of targets may lead to data for the same target being reported across multiple charts.

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View interactive charts of activity data across species

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View more information in the IUPHAR Pharmacology Education Project: levodopa

levodopa is commercially available from our sponsors

2D Structure
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2D Structure

An image of the ligand's 2D structure. For small molecules with SMILES these are drawn using the NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver. Click on the image to access the chemical structure search tool with the ligand pre-loaded in the structure editor. For other types of ligands, e.g. longer nucleotides and peptides, a manually drawn representation of the molecule may be provided.

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Physico-chemical Properties
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Physico-chemical Properties

Calculated molecular properties are available for small molecules and natural products (not peptides). Properties were generated using the CDK toolkit. All properties were selected to enable the prediction of the Lipinski Rule-of-Five profile or ‘druglikeness’ for each ligand. For more info on each category see the help pages.

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Hydrogen bond acceptors 3
Hydrogen bond donors 4
Rotatable bonds 3
Topological polar surface area 103.78
Molecular weight 197.07
XLogP -2.03
No. Lipinski's rules broken 0
SMILES / InChI / InChIKey
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SMILES / InChI / InChIKey

SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification) A specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. Canonical SMILES specify a unique representation of the 2D structure without chiral or isotopic specifications. Isomeric SMILES include chiral specification and isotopes.

Standard InChI (IUPAC International Chemical Identifier) and InChIKey InChI is a non-proprietary, standard, textual identifier for chemical substances designed to facilitate linking of information and database searching. An InChIKey is a simplified version of a full InChI, designed for easier web searching.

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Canonical SMILES OC(=O)C(Cc1ccc(c(c1)O)O)N
Isomeric SMILES OC(=O)[C@H](Cc1ccc(c(c1)O)O)N
InChI InChI=1S/C9H11NO4/c10-6(9(13)14)3-5-1-2-7(11)8(12)4-5/h1-2,4,6,11-12H,3,10H2,(H,13,14)/t6-/m0/s1
InChI Key WTDRDQBEARUVNC-LURJTMIESA-N
No information available.
Summary of Clinical Use Click here for help
Used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The 2003 EMA approval authorises the use of levodopa in a fixed-dose combination with carbidopa and entacapone (called Stalevo®). The EMA has also approved a combination containing just levodopa and carbidopa (Numient®, 2015).
Mechanism Of Action and Pharmacodynamic Effects Click here for help
Levodopa is the precursor of neurotransmitter dopamine. In Parkinson's disease levels of dopamine are significantly decreased, therefore supplementation of dopamine levels with levodopa means that a small percentage of the drug crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to dopamine which stimulates dopaminergic receptors.
External links Click here for help
For extended ADME data see the following:

European Medicines Agency (EMA)