SLC superfamily of solute carriers | Transporters | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY

Home
Targets
Transporters
SLC superfamily of solute carriers

SLC superfamily of solute carriers C

Overview
Subfamilies
Further reading
How to cite this family page

Overview

The SLC superfamily of solute carriers is the second largest family of membrane proteins after G protein-coupled receptors, but with a great deal fewer therapeutic drugs that exploit them. As with the ABC transporters, however, they play a major role in drug disposition and so can be hugely influential in determining the clinical efficacy of particular drugs.

48 families are identified on the basis of sequence similarities, but many of them overlap in terms of the solutes that they carry. For example, amino acid accumulation is mediated by members of the SLC1, SLC3/7, SLC6, SLC15, SLC16, SLC17, SLC32, SLC36, SLC38 and SLC43. Further members of the SLC superfamily regulate ion fluxes at the plasma membrane, or solute transport into and out of cellular organelles.

Within the SLC superfamily, there is an abundance in diversity of structure. Two families (SLC3 and SLC7) only generate functional transporters as heteromeric partners, where one partner is a single TM domain protein. Membrane topology predictions for other families suggest 3, 4 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 TM domains. Functionally, members may be divided into those dependent on gradients of ions (particularly sodium, chloride or protons), exchange of solutes or simple equilibrative gating. For many members, the stoichiometry of transport is not yet established. Furthermore, one family of transporters also possess enzymatic activity (SLC27), while many members function as ion channels (e.g. SLC1A7/EAAT5), which increases the complexity of function of the SLC superfamily.

Subfamilies

Families that contain targets of relevance to immunopharmacology are highlighted in blue

SLC1 family of amino acid transporters C
- Glutamate transporter subfamily C
- Alanine/serine/cysteine transporter subfamily C
SLC2 family of hexose and sugar alcohol transporters C
- Class I transporters C
- Class II transporters C
- Proton-coupled inositol transporter C
SLC3 and SLC7 families of heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs) C
- SLC3 family C
- SLC7 family C
SLC4 family of bicarbonate transporters C
- Anion exchangers C
- Sodium-dependent HCO₃^- transporters C
SLC5 family of sodium-dependent glucose transporters C
- Hexose transporter family C
- Choline transporter C
- Sodium iodide symporter, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporters C
- Sodium myo-inositol cotransporter transporters C
SLC6 neurotransmitter transporter family C
- Monoamine transporter subfamily C
- GABA transporter subfamily C
- Glycine transporter subfamily C
- Neutral amino acid transporter subfamily C
SLC8 family of sodium/calcium exchangers C
SLC9 family of sodium/hydrogen exchangers C
SLC10 family of sodium-bile acid co-transporters C
SLC11 family of proton-coupled metal ion transporters C
SLC12 family of cation-coupled chloride transporters C
SLC13 family of sodium-dependent sulphate/carboxylate transporters C
SLC14 family of facilitative urea transporters C
SLC15 family of peptide transporters C
SLC16 family of monocarboxylate transporters C
SLC17 phosphate and organic anion transporter family C
- Type I sodium-phosphate co-transporters C
- Sialic acid transporter C
- Vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) C
- Vesicular nucleotide transporter C
SLC18 family of vesicular amine transporters C
SLC19 family of vitamin transporters C
SLC20 family of sodium-dependent phosphate transporters C
SLC22 family of organic cation and anion transporters C
- Organic cation transporters (OCT) C
- Organic zwitterions/cation transporters (OCTN) C
- Organic anion transporters (OATs) C
- Urate transporter C
- Orphan or poorly characterized SLC22 family members
- Atypical SLC22B subfamily C
SLC23 family of ascorbic acid transporters C
SLC24 family of sodium/potassium/calcium exchangers C
SLC25 family of mitochondrial transporters C
- Mitochondrial di- and tri-carboxylic acid transporter subfamily C
- Mitochondrial amino acid transporter subfamily C
- Mitochondrial phosphate transporters C
- Mitochondrial nucleotide transporter subfamily C
- Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins C
- Miscellaneous SLC25 mitochondrial transporters C
SLC26 family of anion exchangers C
- Selective sulphate transporters C
- Chloride/bicarbonate exchangers C
- Anion channels C
- Other SLC26 anion exchangers C
SLC27 family of fatty acid transporters C
SLC28 and SLC29 families of nucleoside transporters C
- SLC28 family C
- SLC29 family C
SLC30 zinc transporter family C
SLC31 family of copper transporters C
SLC32 vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter C
SLC33 acetylCoA transporter C
SLC34 family of sodium phosphate co-transporters C
SLC35 family of nucleotide sugar transporters C
SLC36 family of proton-coupled amino acid transporters C
SLC37 family of phosphosugar/phosphate exchangers C
SLC38 family of sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporters C
- System A-like transporters C
- System N-like transporters C
- Orphan SLC38 transporters C
SLC39 family of metal ion transporters C
SLC40 iron transporter C
SLC41 family of divalent cation transporters C
SLC42 family of Rhesus glycoprotein ammonium transporters C
SLC43 family of large neutral amino acid transporters C
SLC44 choline transporter-like family C
SLC45 family of putative sugar transporters C
SLC46 family of folate transporters C
SLC47 family of multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters C
SLC48 heme transporter C
SLC49 family of FLVCR-related heme transporters C
SLC50 sugar transporter C
SLC51 family of steroid-derived molecule transporters C
SLC52 family of riboflavin transporters C
SLC53 Phosphate carriers C
SLC54 Mitochondrial pyruvate carriers C
SLC55 Mitochondrial cation/proton exchangers C
SLC56 Sideroflexins C
SLC57 NiPA-like magnesium transporter family C
SLC58 MagT-like magnesium transporter family C
SLC59 Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter family C
SLC60 Glucose transporters C
SLC61 Molybdate transporter family C
SLC62 Pyrophosphate transporters C
SLC63 Sphingosine phosphate transporters C
SLC64 Golgi Ca²⁺/H⁺ exchangers C
SLC65 NPC-type cholesterol transporters C
SLC66 Lysosomal amino acid transporters C
SLCO family of organic anion transporting polypeptides C

* Ural-Blimke Y, Flayhan A, Strauss J, Rantos V, Bartels K, Nielsen R, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Kosinski J, Quistgaard EM et al.. (2019) Structure of Prototypic Peptide Transporter DtpA from E. coli in Complex with Valganciclovir Provides Insights into Drug Binding of Human PepT1. J Am Chem Soc, 141 (6): 2404-2412. [PMID:30644743]

How to cite this family page

Database page citation:

SLC superfamily of solute carriers. Accessed on 19/04/2024. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY, http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=863.

Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY citation:

Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA; CGTP Collaborators. (2019) The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Transporters. Br J Pharmacol. 176 Issue S1: S397-S493.

SLC superfamily of solute carriers C

Contents

Overview

Subfamilies

Further reading

How to cite this family page